{"refrec":{"BRefID":141922,"RR":"<b>Klug, S.; Kriwet, J.; Böttcher, R.; Schweigert, G.; Dietl, G.</b> (2009). Skeletal anatomy of the extinct shark <i>Paraorthacodus jurensis</i> (Chondrichthyes; Palaeospinacidae), with comments on synechodontiform and palaeospinacid monophyly. <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 157(1)</i>: 107-134. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x</a>","BEntID":135197,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 157(1)</i>: 107-134. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Klug, S.; Kriwet, J.; Böttcher, R.; Schweigert, G.; Dietl, G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Klug, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The skeletal morphology of <span class=\"i\">Paraorthacodus jurensis</span>, a Late Jurassic neoselachian from Nusplingen, is described based on the incomplete holotype and a newly discovered almost complete specimen. For the first time, the postcranial skeleton could be investigated. <span class=\"i\">Paraorthacodus</span> is characterized by a monognath dental heterodonty and tearing-type dentition. The number of lateral cusplets in the lateral teeth differs between the holotype and the new specimen, possibly indicating sexual dimorphism. Clasper organs are not preserved in either of the two specimens. The notochord is sheathed by about 123 well-calcified vertebral centra. The posterior-most caudal vertebrae are lacking. The transition from monospondylous thoracic to diplospondylous abdominal vertebrae occurs at centra 48 and 49. The origin of the caudal fin is at the 80th centrum. Most conspicuous is the presence of a single spineless dorsal fin. In this respect, <span class=\"i\">Paraorthacodus</span> differs from most palaeospinacids, but resembles <span class=\"i\">Macrourogaleus</span>. <span class=\"i\">Palidiplospinax</span> possibly is sister to a group comprising <span class=\"i\">Synechodus</span>, <span class=\"i\">Paraorthacodus</span>, and <span class=\"i\">Macrourogaleus</span> (the Palaeospinacidae). A reinterpretation of dental and skeletal characters of synechodontiform taxa indicates that Synechodontiformes and Palaeospinacidae are monophyletic groupings of basal neoselachians. Synechodontiformes is probably sister to all living elasmobranchs.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Skeletal anatomy of the extinct shark <i>Paraorthacodus jurensis</i> (Chondrichthyes; Palaeospinacidae), with comments on synechodontiform and palaeospinacid monophyly","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:39.192653","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Kimmeridgian; late Jurassic; lithographic limestones; Neoselachii;Nusplingen; southern Germany; Synechodontiformes; systematic position","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-09-07","DateCreate":"2009-11-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000269395500007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":141922,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"107-134","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"157","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45039,"SerRR":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Academic Press: London.  ISSN 0024-4082; e-ISSN 1096-3642","StandardTitleSer":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","ISSN":"0024-4082","AbbrevSer":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":107,"Pages":28,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Klug","Firstname":"Stefanie","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":135197,"AutID":80712,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Kriwet","Firstname":"Jürgen","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":135197,"AutID":80711,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Böttcher","Firstname":"Ronald","Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":135197,"AutID":89934,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Schweigert","Firstname":"Günter","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":135197,"AutID":89935,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Dietl","Firstname":"Gerd","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":135197,"AutID":89936,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":350656,"LibID":36,"BRefID":141922,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"350656","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Academic Press","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":135197,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":135197,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x","externalID":"10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":13081,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2009-11-06 08:54:03.483000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-09-07 11:35:28.470000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}