{"refrec":{"BRefID":142271,"RR":"<b>Bouma, T.J.; Friedrichs, M.; Klaassen, P.; van Wesenbeeck, B.K.; Brun, F.G.; Temmerman, S.; van Katwijk, M.M.; Graf, G.; Herman, P.M.J.</b> (2009). Effects of shoot stiffness, shoot size and current velocity on scouring sediment from around seedlings and propagules. <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 388</i>: 293-297. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08130\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08130</a>","BEntID":135491,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 388</i>: 293-297. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08130\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08130</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bouma, T.J.; Friedrichs, M.; Klaassen, P.; van Wesenbeeck, B.K.; Brun, F.G.; Temmerman, S.; van Katwijk, M.M.; Graf, G.; Herman, P.M.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bouma, T.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Successful management and restoration of coastal vegetation requires a quantitative process-based understanding of thresholds hampering (re-)establishment of pioneer vegetation. We expected scouring to be important in explaining the disappearance of seedlings and/or small propagules of intertidal plant species, and therefore quantified the dependence of scouring on plant traits (flexibility, size) and physical forcing by current velocity. Flume studies with unidirectional flow revealed that scouring around seedlings increased exponentially with current velocity and according to a power relationship with plant size. Basal stem diameter rather than shoot length controlled scouring volume. Flexible shoots caused far less scouring than stiff shoots, provided that the bending occurred near the sediment surface as was the case for <i>Zostera</i>, and not on top of a solid tussock base as we observed for <i>Puccinellia</i>. Therefore, shoot stiffness is likely to strongly affect the chances for initial establishment in hydrodynamically exposed areas. 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