{"refrec":{"BRefID":143682,"RR":"<b>Kikuchi, R.</b> (2010). Risk formulation for the sonic effects of offshore wind farms on fish in the EU region. <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60(2)</i>: 172-177. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023</a>","BEntID":136854,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60(2)</i>: 172-177. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kikuchi, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kikuchi, R.","Englishabstract":"In 2007, European leaders agreed to source 20% of their energy needs from renewable energy; since thattime, offshore wind farms have been receiving attention in the European Union (EU). In 2008, the EuropeanCommunity submitted a proposal to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in order tocombat marine noise pollution. In consideration of these facts, the present paper aims to deduce a preliminaryhypothesis and its formulation for the effect of offshore wind farm noise on fish. The followinggeneral picture is drawn: the short-term potential impact during pre-construction; the short-term intensiveimpact during construction; and the physiological and/or masking effects that may occur over a longperiod while the wind farm is in operation. The EU’s proposal to UNEP includes noise databases that listthe origins of man-made sounds; it is advisable that offshore wind farms should be listed in the noisedatabases in order to promote rational environment management.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Risk formulation for the sonic effects of offshore wind farms on fish in the EU region","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-12 01:31:21.449151","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Biological risk assessment; Convention on Migratory Species; Fish; Noisepollution; Renewable Energy Roadmap","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2010,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2010-02-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000275592100013","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":143682,"PubliDate":2010,"Pagination":"172-177","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"60","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43520,"SerRR":"Marine Pollution Bulletin. 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