{"refrec":{"BRefID":143984,"RR":"(2009). Challenging wind and waves. Linking hydrodynamic research to the maritime industry. LASHING@SEA, executive summary. MARIN: Wageningen.  47 pp.","BEntID":137139,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". MARIN: Wageningen.  47 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":null,"OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":null,"Englishabstract":"The Lashing@Sea project was started to evaluate standards and technology in sea transport. Trigger was the noted development of a non level playing field and an increasing number of incidents involving cargo damages and losses. A consortium comprising of 23 companies from industry and governments was brought together to perform the work and evaluate findings. The group included ship owner/operators, lashing gear and on board software manufacturers, governments, classification societies and technology institutes.Procedures, rules and typical incidents were summarized from documentation and more specifically from interviews and questionnaires by practical experts. The obtained insights were validated versus the operational conditions on board by measurements onboard of five ships and by means of dedicated tests on shore.It was found that several factors can be listed in container transport, which affect reliability of the secured cargo stow. Two significant aspects were identified that are not included in present design practice and thus reduce existing safety margins. These are dynamic loads by hull flexibility and interaction between adjacent container rows. In addition it was found that reliability is reduced by disagreements between the actual cargo stow on board and the planned situation. Critically planned configurations may thus become unstable.Findings in RoRo and Heavy lift transport showed that design assumptions match the behaviour of the ships and cargo in service. There are developments to reduce cargo securing compared to international recommendations. International legislation allows for such reductions but does not provide guidelines on the procedures to be followed. The Lashing@Sea project formulated a “Unified Interpretation” of the existing legislation as a first proposal for this. A request to follow up on that was forwarded to IACS and IMO to include the recommendations in practical industry and thus take a step towards a more level playing field.","AbstractOtherLang":"Het Lashing@Sea project is opgestart om de regelgeving en technologie in hetzeetransport te evalueren. Aanleiding was het gesignaleerde ontstaan van een non levelplaying field en een toenemend aantal incidenten met lading schade en verlies.Een consortium bestaande uit 23 bedrijven uit de industrie en overheden is samengebracht op het werk te doen en de resultaten te evalueren. De partijen omvatten rederijen, leveranciers van sjormaterialen, overheden, leveranciers van aan boord systemen en kennis instellingen.De procedures, regelgeving, en voorkomende problemen zijn in kaart gebracht uit documentatie en vooral interviews en questionnaires met betrokkenen uit de praktijk. De verkregen inzichten zijn getoetst aan de praktijk door middel van metingen aan boord van vijf schepen en gerichte proeven aan de wal. Er werd geconstateerd dat in de container transport sector een aantal factoren aanwijsbaar zijn die het draagvermogen van lading in gevaar kunnen brengen. Twee significante aspecten zijn geïdentificeerd die niet bij het ontwerp worden meegenomen en dus afbreuk doen aan de bestaande veiligheidsmarges. Dat zijn dynamica uit de flexibiliteit van het schip en interactie tussen naast elkaar staande rijen. Daarnaast werd geconstateerd dat de betrouwbaarheid wordt beperkt omdat de geladen situatie blijkt te kunnen afwijken van de bedoelde waarmee kritisch geplande beladingen onstabiel kunnen worden.De bevindingen bij RoRo en Zware lading transport wezen uit dat de ontwerp uitgangspunten overeenkomen met het gedrag van de schepen en lading in de praktijk. Er zijn ontwikkelingen om minder te sjorren dan volgens internationale richtlijnen wordt voorgeschreven. De ruimte daarvoor wordt binnen die richtlijnen wel geboden echter zonder handvast voor de te volgen procedures. Het Lashing@Sea project heeft daarvoor een voorstel gedaan. Een verzoek om deze vervolgstap verder op te pakken en te formaliseren is uitgegaan naar IACS en IMO. Hiermee is een stap gedaan richting een internationaal level playing field.","BibLvlCode":"M","StandardTitle":"Challenging wind and waves. Linking hydrodynamic research to the maritime industry. 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