{"refrec":{"BRefID":145111,"RR":"<b>Grange, K.R.</b> (1979). Soft-bottom macrobenthic communities of Manukau Harbour, New Zealand. <i>N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 13(3)</i>: 315-329","BEntID":138221,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 13(3)</i>: 315-329","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Grange, K.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Grange, K.R.","Englishabstract":"A survey of the macrobenthos at 42 stations in the channels and subtidal sandflats revealed 4 biotic associations; the communities are not particularly discrete and there is some overlap in species composition. Dominant species in each of the 4 groups of stations were ranked by calculating a 'community score' for each, based on its abundance, fidelity, and bioindex value within the group. Each of the 4 groups was found to support a unique group of species and these are considered as representing 4 communities. Two indicator species in each community were identified from the highest community scores: Group 1, the <i>Microcosmus/Notomithrax community</i> - associated with a coarse sediment of dead bivalve shells and small rocks in shallow water. It has high species diversity indices; Group 2, the <i>Halicarcinus/Bugula</i> community - associated with a relatively coarse sediment of dead shells, grit, and little sand in deep water in the main channels; Group 3, the <i>Amalda/Myadora</i> community - associated with fine sand with mud or shell grit in shallow parts of the channels; and Group 4, the <i>Fellaster/Pagurus</i> community - associated with ironsand in shallow water in the outer harbour. 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