{"refrec":{"BRefID":14782,"RR":"<b>Friedlander, M.; Gunkel, W.</b> (1992). Factors leading to thallus disintegration and the control of these factors in <i>Gracilaria</i> sp., <b><i>in</i></b>: <i>Progress in aquaculture research: proceedings of the 4th German-Isreali Status Seminar held on October 30-31, 1990. Spec. Publ. Eur. Aquacult. Soc,</i> 17: pp. 221-243","BEntID":14782,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Moav, B. <i>et al.</i> <i>Progress in aquaculture research: Proceedings of the 4th Status Seminar held on October 30-31, 1990 in GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH. Spec. Publ. Eur. Aquacult. Soc,</i> 17: pp. 221-243","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Friedlander, M.; Gunkel, W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Friedlander, M.; Gunkel, W.","Englishabstract":"Thallus disintegration, which had appeared in experimental seawater ponds of <i>Gracilaria conferta</i>, started with a white tip disease. The major environmental factors which induced its appearance were high temperature, high plant density and lack of aeration. Several strains of agar degrading bacteria were isolated from the sick tips and used succesfully to infect healthy <i>Graciliaria</i>. A stepwise involvment of several bacterial strains was found in the disease development, and various interactions between them were determined in pure culture. Marine yeasts and a virulent bacterial strain were presumably involved in an antibacterial effect in pure cultures of agar degrading bacteria and in <i>Graciliaria</i> cultures. Bacteria strains isolated from a second brown spot disease infected healthy <i>Graciliaria</i>, causing the white tip disease. 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