{"refrec":{"BRefID":16478,"RR":"<b>Piersma, T.; Hoekstra, R.; Dekinga, A.; Koolhaas, A.; Wolf, P.; Battley, P.; Wiersma, P.</b> (1993). Scale and intensity of intertidal habitat use by knots <i>Calidris canutus</i> in the western Wadden Sea in relation to food, friends and foes. <i>Neth. J. Sea Res. 31(4)</i>: 331-357","BEntID":16478,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Neth. J. Sea Res. 31(4)</i>: 331-357","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Piersma, T.; Hoekstra, R.; Dekinga, A.; Koolhaas, A.; Wolf, P.; Battley, P.; Wiersma, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Piersma, T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In August-October 1988-1992 we studied the distribution and abundance of knots <i>Calidris canutus</i> around Griend in the western Wadden Sea, and the extent to which these can be explained by benthic prey availability and presence of avian predators. Numbers in the nonbreeding season showed monthly averages of 10000 to 25000 birds. Over 100000 knots were recorded on three occasions. Knots feed in large flocks, individual birds usually experiencing 4000 to 15000 flock-mates. The Siberian-breeding/west-African wintering <i>canutus</i> subspecies passed through in late July and early August. Otherwise the Greenlandic/Canadian breeding <i>islandica</i> subspecies was present. Over the period 1964-1992 there were no clear trends in the number of knots, but <i>canutus</i>-knots were particularly abundant in July-August 1991, whereas in 1992 both subspecies were absent. <i>Macoma balthica</i> was the preferred prey of both subspecies. <i>Hydrobia ulvae, Mytilus edulis</i> and <i>Cerastoderma edule</i> were eaten when <i>Macoma</i> was absent close to the surface of the sediment. As <i>Macoma</i> buried deeper from July onwards, <i>canutus</i> faced better average feeding conditions than <i>islandica</i> later in the year. The spatial distribution of knots feeding on the intertidal flats around Griend was best explained by the harvestable biomass of the prevalent prey species in a particular year and season,<i> i.e.</i> <i>Macoma</i> (main prey when their harvestable biomass densities were greater than <i>ca</i> 0.8 g AFDM per m²) and <i>Cerastoderma</i>, and by the avoidance of situations where they run the risk of attack by bird-eating birds. Flocks of knots covered most of the intertidal flats in the western Dutch Wadden Sea in a couple of tidal cycles. This is about 800 km², much larger than the equivalent area used by knots on their wintering grounds in Mauritania (10-15 km²), a difference that is correlated with prey spectrum, prey availability and predictability.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Scale and intensity of intertidal habitat use by knots <i>Calidris canutus</i> in the western Wadden Sea in relation to food, friends and foes","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1993,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-09-24","DateCreate":"2001-08-23","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":16478,"PubliDate":1993,"Pagination":"331-357","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"31","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44573,"SerRR":"Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ): Groningen; Den Burg.  ISSN 0077-7579; e-ISSN 1873-1406","StandardTitleSer":"Netherlands Journal of Sea Research","ISSN":"0077-7579","AbbrevSer":"Neth. J. 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