{"refrec":{"BRefID":185912,"RR":"<b>Verloove, F.</b> (2006). Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005). <i>Scripta Botanica Belgica</i>, 39. National Botanic Garden of Belgium: Meise. ISBN 90-72619-71-4. 89 pp.","BEntID":174541,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Scripta Botanica Belgica</i>, 39. National Botanic Garden of Belgium: Meise. ISBN 90-72619-71-4. 89 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Verloove, F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Verloove, F.","Englishabstract":"A catalogue of Belgian neophytes has been compiled for the first time on the basis of a thorough and critical revision of the main public and some smaller but nevertheless relevant Belgian herbaria. All non-native vascular plant species, recorded in Belgium since 1800, are included regardless of degree of naturalization (including occasional garden escapes and casual aliens as well as invasive taxa). Taxa that were already naturalized in Belgium in pre-Columbian times, are excluded. The following data are provided for each taxon: scientific name, synonym, family, mode of introduction (accidental/deliberate), date of the first collection (except if earlier reliable records are available), date of the most recent record, native geographic area, presence or absence in Flanders, Brussels Capital Region and Wallonia (the three main political units), degree of naturalization and (main) vector(s) of introduction. 1,969 taxa are included. More than 20 % appears to be “new” for the Belgian flora. On the other hand, at least 30 taxa were erroneously included in the presentday Flora and need to be omitted in a future edition. Assessing the exact status of many taxa of the “Belgian” flora proved to be problematic. On the one hand, the distinction between native and non-native turned out to be often critical (for instance: interpretation of natural range extensions). On the other hand, assessing archaeophytic or neophytic status for (presumed) non-native taxa turned out not to be always obvious. Similarly, the assessment of the degree of naturalization (measurement of a taxon’s success) was not always straightforward. In practice, and despite numerous recent international papers on this subject, the distinction between “naturalized” and “invasive” regularly proved to be arbitrary. The Belgian non-native vascular flora is remarkably wealthy and diverse: no less than 139 families are represented but most families count for only (very) few taxa. Poaceae and Asteraceae are the largest families and represent more than a quarter of the total number of alien taxa in Belgium. A huge number of the aliens were initially introduced deliberately, primarily for horticultural reasons. Among the naturalized and/or invasive taxa the proportion of deliberate introductions is even more important (ca. 60 %). Introductions from Europe and temperate Asia are most common. To a lesser extent, Africa (especially North-Africa) and America (especially North-America) are also important sources. As expected, the number of introductions from Australia, tropical Asia and the (sub-) tropics as a whole is limited. A large majority, at least 75 %, of the introductions remains strictly casual. At most 20 % is able to become naturalized, locally as well as widespread. At present, the number of invasive taxa (spreading fast in more or less natural habitats) and noxious taxa (harmful in terms of biodiversity, public health or for economic reasons) is limited. Currently, the main vector for plant introductions appears to be horticulture (garden escapes). Until the 1960’s woolimportation was chiefly responsible for the occurrence of accidental aliens. Nowadays, accidental aliens are usually brought in with cereals and grains. The number of new introductions has much increased in the course of the past decades. Similarly, the number of newly naturalized taxa has increased.  ","AbstractOtherLang":"Gebaseerd op een nauwgezette en kritische revisie van de voornaamste Belgische publieke en enkele kleinere, maar eveneens relevante private herbaria, wordt voor het eerst een catalogus van de Belgische neofyten samengesteld. Alle sedert 1800 spontaan in België aangetroffen niet-inheemse taxa van vaatplanten (met uitsluiting van de zogenaamde archeofyten die reeds voor 1500 in onze streken voorkwamen) werden in aanmerking genomen, ongeacht hun inburgeringsstatus (dus van occasioneel verwilderende cultuurplanten en efemere adventieven tot invasieve probleemplanten). Voor elk taxon worden de volgende gegevens verstrekt: wetenschappelijke naam, (eventueel) synoniem, familie, wijze van introductie (opzettelijk/ onopzettelijk), datum eerste collectie (behoudens enkele uitzonderingen, bv. indien vroegere betrouwbare waarnemingen beschikbaar zijn), datum meest recente waarneming, inheems areaal, aan- of afwezigheid in Vlaanderen, het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest en Wallonië, inburgeringsgraad en (voornaamste) vector(en) van introductie. 1969 taxa zijn in de catalogus weerhouden. Meer dan 20 % blijkt ‘nieuw’ te zijn voor de Belgische flora. Anderzijds dienen meer dan 30 taxa, die voorheen foutief gedetermineerd waren, uit de Belgische Flora geschrapt te worden. Er werd vastgesteld dat het exact bepalen van de status van veel taxa uit de ‘Belgische’ flora problematisch is. Enerzijds bleek de scheiding tussen inheems en niet-inheems vaak onduidelijk (bv. interpretatie van natuurlijke areaaluitbreidingen), anderzijds lag voor (vermoedelijk) niet-inheemse taxa ook het onderscheid archeofyt/neofyt niet altijd voor de hand. Ook het bepalen van de inburgeringsgraad (i.c. het meten van het succes van een niet-inheems taxon) was vaak problematisch. Met name de praktische toetsing van begrippen als ‘ingeburgerd’ en ‘invasief’ – talloze recente internationale publicaties ten spijt – bleek niet evident. De Belgische niet-inheemse vaatplantenflora is heel gevarieerd: niet minder dan 139 families zijn vertegenwoordigd, maar de meeste families tellen slechts (zeer) weinig taxa. De Poaceae en Asteraceae maken samen meer dan een kwart uit van alle niet-inheemse taxa. Een belangrijk deel van de introducties bestaat uit opzettelijk ingevoerde taxa, hoofdzakelijk geïntroduceerd als tuinplanten. Het aandeel van de opzettelijke introducties wordt bovendien nog versterkt bij de ingeburgerde en invasieve taxa (ca. 60 %). De Belgische niet-inheemse flora blijkt voornamelijk uit Europa en gematigd Azië afkomstig te zijn. Voorts zorgen ook Afrika (vooral Noord-Afrika) en Amerika (vooral Noord-Amerika) voor nogal wat adventiefplanten. Het aandeel Australische, tropisch Aziatische en (sub-) tropische taxa is, zoals kon verwacht worden, beperkt. Minstens driekwart van de introducties blijft strikt efemeer. Niet meer dan 20 % van de ingevoerde soorten slaagt er uiteindelijk in plaatselijk of wijd verbreid in te burgeren. Momenteel blijft het aantal invasieve soorten (snel uitbreidend in min of meer natuurlijke habitats) en probleemsoorten (problematisch voor biodiversiteit, gezondheid en/of economie) gering. De horticultuur is vandaag de belangrijkste bron voor nieuwe plantenintroducties (verwilderde sierplanten). Tot in de jaren 1960 was de wolimport verantwoordelijk voor veel onopzettelijke introducties. Nu geldt de graanimport als belangrijkste vector voor onopzettelijke plantenintroducties. Tenslotte kon worden vastgesteld dat het aantal gekende plantenintroducties in de voorbije decennia sterk is toegenomen. Hetzelfde geldt voor het aantal nieuwe gevallen van inburgering.  ","BibLvlCode":"MS","StandardTitle":"Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005)","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"dut","OrigTitleLangID":41,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Neophytes","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2006,"DateUpdate":"2011-08-31","DateCreate":"2007-05-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":185912,"ISBN":"90-72619-71-4","PubliDate":2006,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":"39","Issue":null,"Pagination":"89","Place":"Meise","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":7511,"SerRR":"Scripta Botanica Belgica. National Botanic Garden of Belgium/Nationale Plantentuin van België = Jardin Botanique National de Belgique: Meise.  ISSN 0779-2387","Ser2BRefID":null,"Ser2RR":null,"StandardTitleSer":"Scripta Botanica Belgica","ISSN":"0779-2387","AbbrevSer":"Scripta Botanica Belgica","Degree":null,"ThesisID":null,"InsID":null,"Acronym":null,"FullStandardName":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"SerNotes":null,"eISBN":null,"Pages":89},"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Verloove","Firstname":"Filip","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":174541,"AutID":44022,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0003-4144-2422\r","PersID":3775,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":225424,"LibID":36,"BRefID":185912,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"225424","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nationale Plantentuin van België = Jardin Botanique National de Belgique","Place":"Meise"},{"PublName":"National Botanic Garden of Belgium","Place":"Meise"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium","ThestID":183110,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"Belgium"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species","ThestID":4428,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Taxa > Species > Introduced species"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone"},{"GeoTerm":"Belgium"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"}},"doi":null,"publs":[{"PublID":12821,"PublName":"National Botanic Garden of Belgium","InsID":null,"PersID":null,"INBOID":8854,"OrderNr":1}],"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":174541,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":41,"LangCode":"nl","Lang":"Dutch","DutchTerm":"Nederlands","LangCodeExtended":"dut"},{"BEntID":174541,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":41,"LangCode":"nl","Lang":"Dutch","DutchTerm":"Nederlands","LangCodeExtended":"dut"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium","ThestID":183110,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species","ThestID":4428,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone","GeoObjectID":3293,"GeotID":91},{"GeoTerm":"Belgium","GeoObjectID":14,"GeotID":1394}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Belgium","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":183110,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species","DutchTerm":"Geïntroduceerde soorten","ThestID":4428,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone","DutchTerm":"België"},{"GeoTerm":"Belgium","DutchTerm":"België"}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"De Coninck, Ilse, I.","newSesDate":{"date":"2007-05-18 09:33:14.313000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Haspeslagh, Jan, J.","updSesDate":{"date":"2011-08-31 09:07:38.630000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}