The Habitat and Bird Directives are the cornerstones of Europe’s nature conservation policy, which is built around two pillars: the Natura 2000 network of protected sites on the one hand and a strict system of species protection on the other. For each protection site, member states have to define conservation objectives by 2010 that pursue a favourable conservation status for all enlisted habitat types and species. To meet this obligation, Flanders has decided to draw up regional conservation objectives first and to translate them into objectives at the level of the individual site afterwards. The latter sites comprise both the Special Areas of Conservation (SAC’s) and the Special Protection Areas (SPA’s), designated as part of the Habitat and Bird Directives.
This report supplies a series of criteria and indicators to define the favourable conservation status for 57 species that are present in Flanders. These include 31 species of annex I of the Bird Directive and 28 species that meet the so-called 1% criterium for waterbirds. By means of these indicators, actual population status and habitat quality can be tested against wellconsidered threshold values that define the favourable conservation status. The choice of the indicators and their threshold values used in the evaluation tables of this report is based on their capacity to cover the species’ ecology in an objective (i.e. based on national and international literature), unambiguous, practical, measurable and comprehensive way. Their relevance for the Flemish situation was taken into account as well.
This report is meant as an instrument to evaluate the local conservation status of the species in the protected sites. Once this evaluation is done, the next step will be to define conservation objectives for each site, taking into account the objectives that have already been set out at the regional level (see draft report of the regional conservation objectives). These local objectives can then be converted into practical conservation measures needed to restore, reinforce and conserve local populations. This report is well-suited to assist in this process too due to the practical nature of the indicators. Moreover, the text provides some guidelines with regard to a monitoring methodology. Indeed, each member state is obliged to report on the development of the conservation status every six years. A thorough monitoring network will therefore be indispensable.
In conclusion, this report is a vital link in the long process that will finally lead to a valuable network of nature protection areas in Flanders and Europe, in which species can live in sustainable populations.
","AbstractOtherLang":"De Habitat- en Vogelrichtlijn vormen samen de hoeksteen van het Europese Natuurbeleid. Dit werd opgebouwd rond twee pijlers: enerzijds het natura2000 netwerk van beschermde gebieden en anderzijds het strikte systeem van soortbescherming. Voor elke Speciale Beschermingszone moeten de lidstaten tegen 2010 instandhoudingsdoelstellingen (IHD`s) formuleren en dient er gestreefd te worden naar een gunstige staat van instandhouding van de habitattypen en -soorten. Om aan deze verplichting tegemoet te komen heeft Vlaanderen beslist eerst gewestelijke instandhoudingsdoelstellingen op te maken voor heel Vlaanderen en die vervolgens te vertalen naar de afzonderlijke Speciale Beschermingszones. Dit zal gebeuren voor zowel de Habitatrichtlijn- als de Vogelrichtlijngebieden.
In dit rapport wordt aan de hand van een reeks criteria en indicatoren beschreven wat verstaan wordt onder een gunstige staat van instandhouding voor 57 die in Vlaanderen aanwezig zijn. Het gaat om 31 soorten uit bijlage I van de Vogelrichtlijn en 28 internationaal belangrijke doortrekkers of overwinteraars (de soorten die in Vlaanderen het zogenaamde 1%-criterium overschrijden). Zowel de toestand van een populatie als de kwaliteit van de leefomgeving kunnen aan de hand van de indicatoren getoetst worden aan weloverwogen drempelwaarden die aangeven vanaf wanneer er sprake is van een gunstige staat van instandhouding. De keuze van de indicatoren en de bijhorende drempelwaarden in de beoordelingstabellen van dit rapport is gebaseerd op hun objectiviteit (nationale en internationale literatuur), eenduidigheid, praktische bruik- en meetbaarheid en de volledigheid waarmee ze de ecologie van de soorten beschrijven. Ook hun relevantie voor Vlaanderen werd hierbij in overweging genomen.
Het doel van dit rapport is eerst en vooral een instrument aan te reiken om de lokale staat van instandhouding van de soorten in de Speciale Beschermingszones te evalueren. Met die kennis kunnen in een volgende stap per gebied de instandhoudingsdoelstellingen opgesteld worden, rekening houdend met de streefdoelen die op niveau Vlaanderen van kracht zijn (zie ontwerprapport gewestelijke instandhoudingsdoelstellingen). Uiteindelijk kunnen deze instandhoudingsdoelstellingen dan, met de informatie uit onderliggend rapport, ook concreet vertaald worden naar instandhoudingsmaatregelen die nodig zijn om de lokale populaties te herstellen, te versterken en te beheren. Dit rapport kan tevens een aanzet geven tot een monitoringsmethodiek voor elk van de soorten. Elke lidstaat is immers verplicht om op zesjaarlijkse basis te rapporteren over de evolutie van de staat van instandhouding.
Dit rapport is dan ook een belangrijke schakel in heel het proces dat moet leiden tot een waardevol netwerk van natuurgebieden waarin soorten in duurzame populaties kunnen leven, in Vlaanderen en Europa.
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