{"refrec":{"BRefID":197740,"RR":"<b>De Pooter, D.</b> (2007). On colony behaviour of Sea Lions (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>): mother-pup recognition. MSc Thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel: Brussel.  114 pp.","BEntID":190138,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". MSc Thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel: Brussel.  114 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Pooter, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Pooter, D.","Englishabstract":"Mothers of colonial breeding South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) regularly reunite promptly with their pup, after sometimes days of absence, making foraging trips at sea. This performance is astonishing, as during the absence of their mothers, pups may move over considerable distances within a colony with hundreds of other pups. There appears to be little confusion about which pup belongs to a mother and adoption is absent or rare. Using behavioural observations we investigated the means by which female South American sea lions identified their pups in the colony of more than 4000 animals of Punta Bermeja, Rio Negro, Argentina, from January 22 to February 13: 3 weeks during the lactation period. The importance of vocal, visual, olfactory and spatial cues in the reunion process was investigated and it was examined how these behaviours are related to search context and success. Females that returned from sea, probably from foraging trips, were followed throughout their search, which resulted in 73% of the 118 cases in a reunion. The search behaviour of the female proved to be important to achieve reunions. The search success rate was increased when females were larger, maintained a high call rate, a high sniff rate, a high visual rate, a high pups-encountered rate and didn’t sniff allopups. It also proved to be increasingly beneficial to move around in the colony with increasing search duration. Of these behavioural variables a high call rate was shown to be the most important. Mothers call to elude a response of their pup and to attract them. The likelihood of this response is thought to increase with increasing call rate. Successful females with a high call rate have a shortened search duration, but the call rate stays stable during the entire search. A female makes a visual when she makes the, typical nose in the air posture, and appears to turn her head to look in different directions. This posture may serve as a visual signal towards her pup that she is looking for it and may therefore work as an attractant for (allo)pups. Larger, probably older and more experienced females increase their search success rate by increasing their pups-encountered rate thereby also their sniff rate. They seem to have done this by increasing their visual rate, which may be more efficient due to their increased size. But not by increasing their call rate and they were also not more likely to move. A drop in success rate was observed when the number of animals, close to the end point of the search, rose above 30 animals. This increase in density was correlated with a drop in call rate and a slightly increased disturbance rate by females. The decreased success rate of females that sniffed allopups could be explained by an increased search duration and thus an increased number of encountered (allo)pups. The female always sniffed the pup before accepting it.","AbstractOtherLang":"Zuid-Amerikaanse zeeleeuw (Otaria flavescens) moeders herenigen zich snel met hun pup na soms dagenlange voedseltrips in zee. Dit is verbazend aangezien de pups, tijdens de afwezigheid van hun moeder, binnen de kolonie waar honderden andere pups aanwezig zijn, vrij grote afstanden kunnen afleggen. Wijfjes herkennen gemakkelijk hun pup en adopteren zelden of nooit een andere. We hebben met behulp van gedragsobservaties bestudeerd hoe Zuid-Amerikaanse zeeleeuw moeders hun pup terugvinden, in de kolonie met meer dan 4000 dieren van Punta Bermeja, Rio Negro, Argentinië. Het belang van vocale, visuele, geur en ruimte signalen voor het reünieproces werd onderzocht, net als hoe deze gedragingen de zoektocht en zijn slaagkans beïnvloedden. Vrouwtjes, die terugkwamen uit de zee werden tijdens hun zoektocht, die in 73% van de 118 gevallen tot een reünie leidde, gevolgd. Het zoekgedrag van de vrouwtjes bleek zeer belangrijk bij het tot stand komen van een reünie. De succes rate van de zoektochten was hoger voor grotere wijfjes, wijfjes met een hoge call rate, een hoge sniff rate, een hoge visual rate, een hoge pups-encountered rate en voor wijfjes die niet aan allopups roken. Hoe langer de zoektocht duurde, hoe nuttiger het bleek om door de kolonie te bewegen. Van al deze gedragingen bleek een hoge call rate het belangrijkste. Moeders roepen om een respons van hun pup uit te lokken en om ze aan te trekken. De kans op een respons neemt waarschijnlijk toe met stijgende call rate. Succesvolle zoektochten duurden minder lang wanneer wijfjes een hoge call rate hadden hoewel de call rate gedurende de hele zoektocht stabiel bleef. Een wijfje maakt een visual wanneer ze de typische neus-in-de-lucht positie aanneemt en haar hoofd draait om in verschillende richtingen te kijken. Deze houding kan misschien kunnen dienen als een visueel signaal naar haar pup toe, om aan te geven dat ze hem zoekt. Grotere, waarschijnlijk ook oudere en meer ervarene wijfjes, verhogen de succes rate van hun zoektochten door hun pups-encountered rate te verhogen, wat voor een verhoogde sniff rate zorgt. Dit doen ze misschien door hun visual rate te verhogen en misschien door de grotere efficiëntie van hun visuals vanwege hun grotere gestalte. Maar ze doen het niet door hun call rate te verhogen of door vaker in de kolonie rond te lopen. De success rate van de zoektochten verminderde wanneer er meer dan 30 dieren rond het eindpunt van de zoektocht aanwezig waren. Deze toename in densiteit was gecorreleerd met een toenemende call rate en een lichte toename in de disturbance rate door andere wijfjes. De verminderde success rate van wijfjes die allopups roken, werd verklaard door een verhoogde duur van de zoektochten wat zorgde voor een verhoogd aantal tegengekomen pups.","BibLvlCode":"M","StandardTitle":"On colony behaviour of Sea Lions (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>): mother-pup recognition","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:58:19.190595","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2007,"DateUpdate":"2010-08-03","DateCreate":"2010-08-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":197740,"ISBN":null,"PubliDate":2007,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"Pagination":"114","Place":"Brussel","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":null,"SerRR":null,"Ser2BRefID":null,"Ser2RR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"Degree":"MSc","ThesisID":197740,"InsID":1488,"Acronym":"ETOX","FullStandardName":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Ecotoxicologie en Polaire Ecologie","ToPubliDate":null,"SerNotes":null,"eISBN":null,"Pages":114},"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"De Pooter","Firstname":"Daphnis","Initials":"D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":190138,"AutID":44613,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0001-7870-9907","PersID":19826,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":213167,"LibID":36,"BRefID":197740,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"213167","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":[{"LitStyID":7,"Style":"Dissertation"}],"thespers":[{"PersID":3443,"Surname":"Holsbeek","Firstname":"Ludo","Initials":"L.","Role":"Promotor"},{"PersID":156,"Surname":"Joiris","Firstname":"Claude","Initials":"C.R.","Role":"Promotor"}],"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Maternal behaviour","ThestID":117728,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Behaviour > Social behaviour > Parental behaviour > Behaviour > Maternal behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Colonies","ThestID":1698,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Colonies"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PSW, Argentina, Rio Negro","ThestID":186697,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"PSW, Argentina, Rio Negro"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Colonies"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Maternal behaviour"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"PSW, Argentina, Rio Negro"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Otaria flavescens"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"5":{"SpName":"Belgian theses on marine topics","SpColID":5,"ParSpColID":396,"TopParID":396,"ShortName":"Belgian marine theses","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":0,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":396,"SpColPath":"vliz:biblio/Belgian marine theses"},"222":{"SpName":"BMB - 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