{"refrec":{"BRefID":198876,"RR":"<b>Bonaldo, A.; Isani, G.; Fontanillas, R.; Parma, L.; Grilli, E.; Gatta, P.P.</b> (2010). Growth and feed utilization of gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>, L.) fed to satiation and restrictively at increasing dietary energy levels. <i>Aquacult. Int. 18(5)</i>: 909-919. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9312-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9312-0</a>","BEntID":191195,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Int. 18(5)</i>: 909-919. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9312-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9312-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bonaldo, A.; Isani, G.; Fontanillas, R.; Parma, L.; Grilli, E.; Gatta, P.P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bonaldo, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Three isoproteic (47% protein) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of crude fat (diet D16:16%, diet D24: 24% and diet D32: 32%). Each diet was fed to satiation in three and to 80% satiation in two replicate groups of gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>), having an initial body weight of 72–74 g. The trial lasted 81 days. Groups fed to satiation showed higher final body weight (FBW; 238.8–252.3 g vs. 218.0–229.3 g) and daily growth index (DGI; 2.49–2.65%/day vs. 2.27–2.34%/day) than those fed to 80% satiation. Feed intake was significantly different both for feeding level and for diet composition. Fish fed to satiation had higher feed conversion rate (FCR) compared to the 80% satiation groups (1.33–1.44 vs. 1.13–1.17; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Within satiation groups, FCR was significantly lower in fish fed D16 compared to fish fed D32 (1.33 vs. 1.44, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), whereas no statistical differences were found within the 80% satiation groups. The increase in dietary lipid level did not improve growth performance, feed efficiency and protein utilization but decreased gross lipid efficiency. Conversely, a reduction in ration from satiation to 80% satiation decreased DGI, thus improving FCR. Feed costs were influenced by dietary energy level and feeding ratio, the lowest energy diet at 80% satiation being the most profitable combination among the variables.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Growth and feed utilization of gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>, L.) fed to satiation and restrictively at increasing dietary energy levels","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-13 01:31:14.853198","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Dietary lipid; Feeding ratio; Gilthead sea bream; Grow out; Sparusaurata","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2010,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-11-03","DateCreate":"2010-09-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000280087300018","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10499-009-9312-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":198876,"PubliDate":2010,"Pagination":"909-919","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"18","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44242,"SerRR":"Aquaculture International. 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