{"refrec":{"BRefID":200871,"RR":"<b>Kraak, S.B.M.; Pastoors, M.A.</b> (2009). Biased stock assessment when using multiple, hardly overlapping, tuning series if fishing trends vary spatially. <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 66(10)</i>: 2272-2277. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp179\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp179</a>","BEntID":193128,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 66(10)</i>: 2272-2277. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp179\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp179</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kraak, S.B.M.; Pastoors, M.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kraak, S.B.M.; Pastoors, M.A.","Englishabstract":"Fishing-effort distributions are subject to change, for autonomous reasons and in response to management regulations. Ignoring such changes in a stock-assessment procedure may lead to a biased perception. We simulated a stock distributed over two regions with inter-regional migration and different trends in exploitation and tested the performance of extended survivors analysis (XSA) and a statistical catch-at-age model in terms of bias, when spatially restricted tuning series were applied. If we used a single tuning index that covered only the more heavily fished region, estimates of fishing mortality and spawning-stock biomass were seriously biased. If two tuning series each exclusively covering one region were used (without overlap but together covering the whole area), estimates were also biased. Surprisingly, a moderate degree of overlap of spatial coverage of the  two tuning indices was sufficient to reduce bias of the XSA assessment substantially. 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