{"refrec":{"BRefID":201028,"RR":"<b>Soetaert, K.; Middelburg, J.J.</b> (2009). Modeling eutrophication and oligotrophication of shallow-water marine systems: the importance of sediments under stratified and well-mixed conditions. <i>Hydrobiologia 629(1)</i>: 239-254. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9777-x\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9777-x</a>","BEntID":193292,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Hydrobiologia 629(1)</i>: 239-254. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9777-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9777-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Soetaert, K.; Middelburg, J.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Soetaert, K.; Middelburg, J.J.","Englishabstract":"A one-dimensional model that couples water-column physics with pelagic and benthic biogeochemistry in a 50-m-deep water column is used to demonstrate the importance of the sediment in the functioning of shallow systems, the eutrophication status of the system, and the system&#8217;s resilience to oligotrophication. Two physical scenarios, a well-mixed and a stratified water column, are considered and both are run along a gradient of increasing initial pelagic-dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration. Where the mixed layer extends to the bottom, more nutrients and less light are available for growth. Under low to moderately eutrophic conditions (pelagic DIN &lt;30&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;m<sup>&#8722;3</sup>), this leads to higher productivity in well-mixed waters, while the stratified system is more productive under highly eutrophic conditions. Under stratification, the build-up of nitrate and depletion of oxygen below the mixed layer does not notably change the functioning of the sediment as a sink for reactive nitrogen. In sediments underlying well-mixed waters, sedimentary denitrification, fueled mainly by in situ nitrification, is slightly more important (8&#8211;15% of total benthic mineralization) than under stratified waters (7&#8211;20%), where the influx of bottom-water nitrate is the most important nitrate source. As a consequence of this less efficient removal of reactive nitrogen, the winter DIN concentrations are higher in the stratified scenario. The model is used to estimate the long-term benefits of nutrient reduction scenarios and the timeframe under which the new steady-state condition is approached. It is shown that a 50% reduction in external nitrogen inputs ultimately results in a reduction of 60&#8211;70% of the original pelagic DIN concentration. However, as the efflux of nitrogen from the sediment compensates part of the losses in the water column, system oligotrophication is a slow process: after 20&nbsp;years of reduced inputs, the pelagic DIN concentrations still remain 2.7&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;m<sup>&#8722;3</sup> (mixed) and 3.9&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;m<sup>&#8722;3</sup> (stratified) above the ultimate DIN concentrations.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Modeling eutrophication and oligotrophication of shallow-water marine systems: the importance of sediments under stratified and well-mixed conditions","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Benthic-pelagic coupling; Model; Nitrogen cycle; Denitrification;Eutrophication; Oligotrophication","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2010-12-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000267030400020","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10750-009-9777-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":201028,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"239-254","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"629","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42943,"SerRR":"Hydrobiologia. 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