{"refrec":{"BRefID":202588,"RR":"<b>Reyes, O.S.; Duray, M.N.; Santiago, C.; Ricci, M.</b> (2011). Growth and survival of grouper <i>Epinephelus coioides</i> (Hamilton) larvae fed free-living nematode <i>Panagrellus redivivus</i> at first feeding. <i>Aquacult. Int. 19(1)</i>: 155-164. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-010-9349-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-010-9349-0</a>","BEntID":194828,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Int. 19(1)</i>: 155-164. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-010-9349-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-010-9349-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Reyes, O.S.; Duray, M.N.; Santiago, C.; Ricci, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Reyes, O.S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The free-living nematode, <i>Panagrellus redivivus,</i> was tested as live food for grouper <i>Epinephelus coioides</i> larvae during the first feeding stage. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the acceptability of the free-living nematodes in grouper larvae at first feeding, the optimum nematode density and the response of the larvae to nutritionally enriched nematode. All experiments were conducted in 200-L conical tanks filled with 150-L filtered seawater and stocked at15 larvae L<sup>−1</sup>. Duration of feeding experiments was up to day 21 (experiment 1) and 14 days (experiment 2 and 3). <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i> and <i>Artemia</i> (experiment 1) and <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i> alone (experiment 2 & 3) was used as the control treatment. Observations indicated that the grouper larvae readily fed on free-living nematodes as early as 3 days posthatching, the start of exogenous feeding. Optimum feeding density for the larvae was 75 nematodes ml<sup>−1</sup>. The enrichment of cod liver oil or sunflower oil influenced the total lipids and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids of <i>P. redivivus,</i> which in turn influenced those of the grouper larvae, however, growth and survival of the larvae were not affected (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The results from this investigation showed that the nematode, <i>P. redivivus,</i> can be used as first live food for grouper larvae from the onset of exogenous feeding until they could feed on <i>Artemia</i> nauplii.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Growth and survival of grouper <i>Epinephelus coioides</i> (Hamilton) larvae fed free-living nematode <i>Panagrellus redivivus</i> at first feeding","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:41.052187","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Alternative live feed; Free-living nematodes; Grouper Epinepheluscoioides; Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-11-03","DateCreate":"2011-02-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000286200300014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10499-010-9349-0"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":202588,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"155-164","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"19","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44242,"SerRR":"Aquaculture International. 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