{"refrec":{"BRefID":205716,"RR":"<b>Allen, A.E.; Dupont, C.L.; Obornik, M.; Horák, A.; Nunes-Nesi, A.; McCrow, J.P.; Zheng, H.; Johnson, D.A; Hu, H.; Fernie, A.R.; Bowler, C.</b> (2011). Evolution and metabolic significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms. <i>Nature (Lond.) 473(7346)</i>: 203-207. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10074\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10074</a>","BEntID":197841,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature (Lond.) 473(7346)</i>: 203-207. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10074\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10074</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Allen, A.E.; Dupont, C.L.; Obornik, M.; Horák, A.; Nunes-Nesi, A.; McCrow, J.P.; Zheng, H.; Johnson, D.A; Hu, H.; Fernie, A.R.; Bowler, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Allen, A.E. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Diatoms dominate the biomass of phytoplankton in nutrient-rich conditions and form the basis of some of the world's most productive marine food webs(1-4). The diatom nuclear genome contains genes with bacterial and plastid origins as well as genes of the secondary endosymbiotic host (the exosymbiont(5))(1,6-10), yet little is known about the relative contribution of each gene group to diatom metabolism. Here we show that the exosymbiont-derived ornithine-urea cycle, which is similar to that of metazoans but is absent in green algae and plants, facilitates rapid recovery from prolonged nitrogen limitation. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of a mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthase impairs the response of nitrogen-limited diatoms to nitrogen addition. Metabolomic analyses indicate that intermediates in the ornithine-urea cycle are particularly depleted and that both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycles are linked directly with the ornithine-urea cycle. Several other depleted metabolites are generated from ornithine-urea cycle intermediates by the products of genes laterally acquired from bacteria. This metabolic coupling of bacterial-and exosymbiont-derived proteins seems to be fundamental to diatom physiology because the compounds affected include the major diatom osmolyte proline(12) and the precursors for long-chain polyamines required for silica precipitation during cell wall formation(11). So far, the ornithine-urea cycle is only known for its essential role in the removal of fixed nitrogen in metazoans. In diatoms, this cycle serves as a distribution and repackaging hub for inorganic carbon and nitrogen and contributes significantly to the metabolic response of diatoms to episodic nitrogen availability. The diatom ornithine-urea cycle therefore represents a key pathway for anaplerotic carbon fixation into nitrogenous compounds that are essential for diatom growth and for the contribution of diatoms to marine productivity.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Evolution and metabolic significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-16 01:32:19.307920","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2011-06-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000290487200036","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1038/nature10074"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":205716,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"203-207","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"473","Issue":"7346","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43431,"SerRR":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. 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