Rondom de Noordzee wonen meer dan zestien miljoen mensen in gebieden die kunnen overstromen bij een zware stormvloed. Aan de Vlaamse kust vormen de laaggelegen polders die tot twintig kilometer landinwaarts reiken kwetsbare zones. In deze zones bevinden zich woon-, natuur- en recreatiegebieden.
Doel van het Masterplan Kustveiligheid
Het doel van het masterplan is om de hele kust op lange termijn te beschermen tegen overstromingen. De nadruk van dit Masterplan ligt in de eerste plaats op het realiseren van de gekozen beschermingsmaatregelen die noodzakelijk zijn om de kustveiligheid te blijven verzekeren. Daarbij gaat er ook grote aandacht naar de klimaatwijzigingen. We brengen namelijk de verwachte stijging van het zeeniveau tot in het jaar 2050 in rekening en verifiëren of de maatregelen op lange termijn flexibel kunnen aangepast worden aan hogere beschermingsniveaus en de stijging van de zeespiegel.
Gekozen maatregelen
Dit Masterplan beschrijft hoe onze Vlaamse kust de nodige bescherming kan krijgen op korte termijn en wat nodig zal zijn aan onderhoud en aanvullende maatregelen.
Het Masterplan kwam tot stand na een planproces. Daarin kwam achtereenvolgens het onderzoek naar de zwakke schakels aan bod, het opstellen van mogelijke maatregelenpakketten, die vervolgens onderworpen werden aan een milieueffectenrapportering,een kosten-batenanalyse en een restrisicoanalyse om de nodige maatregelenpakketten per gemeente vast te leggen. De voorkeursalternatieven van de beschermingsmaatregelen zijn het resultaat van deze onderzoeken.
Alle kustgemeenten gaven hun principieel akkoord op het voorstel van gekozen beschermingsmaatregelen binnen hun bevoegdheidsgebied.
Realisatie en budgettaire Impact
Het Masterplan Kustveiligheid zal vanaf 2011 gefaseerd in uitvoering worden gebracht. De fasering van de werken wordt bepaald door de overstromingsrisico’s (economische schade en slachtoffers) en de tijd nodig voor het verkrijgen van de vergunningen.
De totale investeringskostprijs van het Masterplan Kustveiligheid wordt geraamd op ruim 300 miljoen euro. Een bijkomende kost die in de raming vervat zit, is de renovatie en versterking van sluizen, stuwen en uitwateringsconstructies in de havens. In totaal gaat het minstens over 10 belangrijke sluizen en uitwateringsconstructies.
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