{"refrec":{"BRefID":213447,"RR":"<b>Daly, M.; Perissinotto, R.; Laird, M.; Dyer, D.; Todaro, A.</b> (2012). Description and ecology of a new species of <i>Edwardsia</i> de Quatrefages, 1842 (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa. <i>Mar. Biol. Res. 8(3)</i>: 233-245. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.617757\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.617757</a>","BEntID":205339,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biol. Res. 8(3)</i>: 233-245. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.617757\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.617757</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Daly, M.; Perissinotto, R.; Laird, M.; Dyer, D.; Todaro, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Daly, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A new species of the true anemone genus <i>Edwardsia</i>, <i>E. isimangaliso</i> sp. nov., is described from the St Lucia Estuary, Africa's largest estuarine lake. The species differs from its closest relatives in anatomy and cnidom and is the only species of the genus found in hypersaline waters. Its current distribution appears to be restricted to a narrow region in the middle reaches of the estuary (lower South Lake), where it has been recorded at salinity levels ranging from 21 to 55.6 psu. The species is also limited to substrata dominated by fine to very fine sand and does not occur in areas with either high silt or coarse sand content. Population densities appear to have decreased over time, with maxima over 1500 ind. m<sup>-2</sup> recorded in 2005, but only 20 ind. m<sup>-2</sup> in 2010. Prey items identified in its stomach include the snail <i>Assiminea</i> <i>ovata</i> and ostracods. However, stable isotope analysis showed that the main carbon sources for the anemone are the filamentous macroalga <i>Cladophora</i> sp. and benthic microalgae. The presence of zooxanthellae in tissues of <i>E. isimangaliso</i> sp. nov. suggests that the species may combine heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding modes in response to fluctuations in resource availability.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Description and ecology of a new species of <i>Edwardsia</i> de Quatrefages, 1842 (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Cnidaria; sea anemone; hypersaline waters; iSimangaliso Wetland Park","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2012,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2012-03-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000302438300003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1080/17451000.2011.617757"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":213447,"PubliDate":2012,"Pagination":"233-245","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"8","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":72882,"SerRR":"Marine Biology Research. Taylor & Francis: Oslo; Basingstoke.  ISSN 1745-1000; e-ISSN 1745-1019","StandardTitleSer":"Marine Biology Research","ISSN":"1745-1000","AbbrevSer":"Mar. Biol. 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