{"refrec":{"BRefID":215501,"RR":"<b>Van Soest, R.W.M.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Erpenbeck, D.; de Voogd, N.J.; Santodomingo, N.; Vanhoorne, B.; Kelly, M.; Hooper, J.N.A.</b> (2012). Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). <i>PLoS One 7(4)</i>: e35105. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035105\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035105</a>","BEntID":207288,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>PLoS One 7(4)</i>: e35105. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035105\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035105</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Van Soest, R.W.M.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Erpenbeck, D.; de Voogd, N.J.; Santodomingo, N.; Vanhoorne, B.; Kelly, M.; Hooper, J.N.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Van Soest, R.W.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all ‘known’ sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Global diversity of sponges (Porifera)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-03-20 14:16:18.071037","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2012,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-17","DateCreate":"2012-05-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000305336000024","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035105"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":215501,"PubliDate":2012,"Pagination":"e35105","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"7","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":123954,"SerRR":"PLoS One. 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