{"refrec":{"BRefID":219431,"RR":"<b>Rysgaard, S.; Bendtsen, J.; Delille, B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Glud, R.N.; Kennedy, H.; Mortensen, J.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N.; Tison, J.-L.</b> (2011). Sea ice contribution to the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Arctic and Southern Oceans. <i>Tellus, Ser. B, Chem. phys. meteorol. 63(5)</i>: 823-830. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00571.x\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00571.x</a>","BEntID":211165,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Tellus, Ser. B, Chem. phys. meteorol. 63(5)</i>: 823-830. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00571.x\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00571.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rysgaard, S.; Bendtsen, J.; Delille, B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Glud, R.N.; Kennedy, H.; Mortensen, J.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N.; Tison, J.-L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rysgaard, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Although salt rejection from sea ice is a key process in deep-water formation in ice-covered seas, the concurrent rejection of CO<sub>2</sub> and the subsequent effect on air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange have received little attention. We review the mechanisms by which sea ice directly and indirectly controls the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and use recent measurements of inorganic carbon compounds in bulk sea ice to estimate that oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake during the seasonal cycle of sea-ice growth and decay in ice-covered oceanic regions equals almost half of the net atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in ice-free polar seas. This sea-ice driven CO<sub>2</sub> uptake has not been considered so far in estimates of global oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. Net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in sea-ice–covered oceans can be driven by; (1) rejection during sea–ice formation and sinking of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich brine into intermediate and abyssal oceanic water masses, (2) blocking of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange during winter, and (3) release of CO<sub>2</sub>-depleted melt water with excess total alkalinity during sea-ice decay and (4) biological CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown during primary production in sea ice and surface oceanic waters.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Sea ice contribution to the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Arctic and Southern Oceans","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:30:55.798182","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-11-06","DateCreate":"2012-10-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000296030800002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00571.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":219431,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"823-830","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"63","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":102790,"SerRR":"Tellus. 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