{"refrec":{"BRefID":220204,"RR":"<b>Eagderi, S.; Adriaens, D.</b> (2010). Cephalic morphology of <i>Pythonichthys macrurus</i> (Heterenchelyidae: Anguilliformes): specializations for head-first burrowing. <i>J. Morphol. 271(9)</i>: 1053-1065. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10852\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10852</a>","BEntID":211936,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Morphol. 271(9)</i>: 1053-1065. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10852\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10852</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Eagderi, S.; Adriaens, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Eagderi, S.; Adriaens, D.","Englishabstract":"The Heterenchelyidae, a family of Anguilliformes, are highly specialized fossorial eels. This study was conducted to evaluate the cranial specialization in relation to head-first burrowing behavior in the heterenchelyid, <em>Pythonichthys macrurus</em>. Thereby, detailed descriptions are provided of the cranial myology and osteology of <em>P. macrurus</em> and its differences with that of representatives of three families: the Moringuidae (<em>Moringua edwardsi</em>), a head-first burrower; the Anguillidae (<em>Anguilla anguilla</em>), a nonburrowing representative and the Ophichthidae (<em>Pisodonophis boro</em>), a head and tail-first burrower. This comparison may help to get a better understanding of the cranial specialization of head-first burrowers in heterenchelyids and moringuids. We recognize as morphological adaptations to burrowing: reduced eye size, a caudoventral orientation of the anteromedial section of the adductor mandibulae muscle complex, the posterior position of the quadrate-mandibular joint, a solid conical skull, large insertion sites of epaxial and hypaxial muscle on the neurocranium, a widened cephalic lateral line canals extending into the dermal cavities, and a ventral position of the gill opening.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Cephalic morphology of <i>Pythonichthys macrurus</i> (Heterenchelyidae: Anguilliformes): specializations for head-first burrowing","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-22 01:31:43.837471","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"    Anguilliformes;     Heterenchelyidae;     cranial morphology;     adaptation;     burrowing behavior","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2010,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-28","DateCreate":"2012-11-19","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000281331700003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1002/jmor.10852"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":220204,"PubliDate":2010,"Pagination":"1053-1065","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"271","Issue":"9","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43085,"SerRR":"Journal of Morphology. 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