{"refrec":{"BRefID":220346,"RR":"<b>Sioen, I.; De Henauw, S.; Verbeke, W.; Verdonck, F.; Willems, J.L.; Van Camp, J.</b> (2008). Fish consumption is a safe solution to increase the intake of long-chain <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids. <i>Public health nutr. (Wallingford) 11(11)</i>: 1107-1116. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007001450\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007001450</a>","BEntID":212079,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Public health nutr. (Wallingford) 11(11)</i>: 1107-1116. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007001450\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007001450</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sioen, I.; De Henauw, S.; Verbeke, W.; Verdonck, F.; Willems, J.L.; Van Camp, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sioen, I. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Objectives</span> Dietary intake of long-chain (LC) <em>n</em>-3 PUFA in developed countries is low compared with recommendations. Fish is naturally rich in LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA, but is also a dietary source of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We investigated whether the recommendation for LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA could be reached through fish consumption, without exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake of methylmercury (MeHg) and the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of dioxin-like compounds. Also, the contribution of margarines enriched with LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA was assessed.</p><p><span class=\"AbstractTtl\">Design</span> Published nutrient and contaminant data were used in a probabilistic model to calculate the simultaneous nutrient and contaminant intake for different fish consumption scenarios.</p><p><span class=\"AbstractTtl\">Results</span> The Belgian recommendation for EPA + DHA (0·3 % of total energy intake) can be reached by consuming fatty fish a minimum of twice a week, or by varying between lean and fatty fish a minimum of three times a week. At this fish consumption level, MeHg intake is not an issue of toxicological concern. The intake of dioxin-like compounds approximates the TWI when consuming fatty fish more than twice a week, this being a potential toxicological risk because other food items also contribute to the weekly intake of dioxin-like compounds. Use of margarine enriched with LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA can help to increase LC <em>n</em>-3 intake, on average by 159 mg/d.</p><p><span class=\"AbstractTtl\">Conclusions</span> Combination of regular fish consumption (twice a week) with important contribution of fatty fish species, in combination with regular consumption of margarine enriched with EPA + DHA, can be advised to achieve the recommendation for LC <em>n</em>-3 intake.</p></p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Fish consumption is a safe solution to increase the intake of long-chain <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-19 01:31:32.810790","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"    Fish consumption;     Dietary recommendations;     Dioxin-like compounds;     Methylmercury;     <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2008,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-11-04","DateCreate":"2012-11-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000260429200004","VABBcode":"vabb:207704","OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1017/S1368980007001450"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":220346,"PubliDate":2008,"Pagination":"1107-1116","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"11","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":116203,"SerRR":"Public Health Nutrition. Cambridge University Press: London.  ISSN 1368-9800; e-ISSN 1475-2727","StandardTitleSer":"Public Health Nutrition","ISSN":"1368-9800","AbbrevSer":"Public health nutr. 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