{"refrec":{"BRefID":220549,"RR":"<b>Mjemah Chikira, I.; Van Camp, M.; Martens, K.; Walraevens, K.</b> (2011). Groundwater exploitation and recharge rate estimation of a quaternary sand aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam area, Tanzania. <i>Environ. Earth Sci. 63(3)</i>: 559-569. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0723-z\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0723-z</a>","BEntID":212283,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Earth Sci. 63(3)</i>: 559-569. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0723-z\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0723-z</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Mjemah Chikira, I.; Van Camp, M.; Martens, K.; Walraevens, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Mjemah Chikira, I. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Dar-es-Salaam City gets water supply from surface water and groundwater. The groundwater is used to supplement surface water supply and has increasingly become a major source of water supply in the city. The study area comprises three major parts: the central coastal plain with quaternary fluvial–deltaic sediments, the deltaic Mio-Pliocene clay-bound sands and gravels in the northwest and southeast and the Lower Miocene fluviatile sandstones of Pugu Hills in the west of the study area. The main objective of this study was to quantify the integrated water balance. The major source of renewable groundwater in the aquifer is rainfall. Hence, the average recharge of 256.2 mm/year (for the year 2006) to the aquifer was estimated using the balance method of Thornthwaite and Mather, which is equal to 99.4 hm<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>/year for the whole alluvial aquifer. This value was balanced with total groundwater abstraction of 8.59 hm<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>/year, baseflow to rivers of 75.7 hm<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>/year and discharge into the sea (15.11 hm<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>/year).","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Groundwater exploitation and recharge rate estimation of a quaternary sand aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam area, Tanzania","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-07 01:31:16.116564","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Dar-es-Salaam; Quaternary aquifer; Groundwater exploitation; Groundwater recharge; River discharge","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2012-11-29","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000290494100011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s12665-010-0723-z"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":220549,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"559-569","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"63","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":205834,"SerRR":"Environmental Earth Sciences. 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