{"refrec":{"BRefID":22058,"RR":"<b>De Wolf, H.; Ulomi, S.A.; Backeljau, T.; Pratap, H.B.; Blust, R.</b> (2001). Heavy metal levels in the sediments of four Dar es Salaam mangroves: accumulation in, and effect on the morphology of the periwinkle, <i>Littoraria scabra</i> (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <i>Environ. Int. 26</i>: 243-249. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00113-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00113-6</a>","BEntID":22058,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Int. 26</i>: 243-249. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00113-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00113-6</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Wolf, H.; Ulomi, S.A.; Backeljau, T.; Pratap, H.B.; Blust, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Wolf, H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Heavy metals were determined in the soft tissue and shells of the littorinid, <i>Littoraria scabra</i>, and in the sediments of four mangrove areas along the Dar es Salaam coastline where<i> L. scabra</i> was collected. Several metals accumulate, preferentially in the animals' soft body parts, but do not seem to affect the shell morphology of this species. Sediment-metal levels, measured in the direct vicinity of Dar es Salaam have increased dramatically over the last decade. Nonetheless, these levels are still lower compared to metal-sediment levels reported in polluted European and American estuaries. Soft-tissue metal levels detected in L. scabra are, nevertheless, with the exception of Cr and Zn, comparable to metal levels reported in other gastropod species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Heavy metal levels in the sediments of four Dar es Salaam mangroves: accumulation in, and effect on the morphology of the periwinkle, <i>Littoraria scabra</i> (Mollusca: Gastropoda)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-30 01:30:57.593643","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":"Heavy metals; Sediments; Pollution effects; Indicator species; Bioaccumulation; Ecophysiology; Mangroves; Pollution detection; Sediment pollution; Tanzania; Morphology; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Tissues; Mangrove swamps; <i>Littoraria scabra</i>; Tanzania, Dar es Salaam; Water Pollution Effects; Sediment Contamination; Mollusks; Gastropods; Molluscs (see also Bivalves, Gastropods); Gastropods (see also molluscs, Individ groups); Pollution (Water); Mangrove; Contaminated sediments;<i> Littoraria scabra</i>; Gastropoda; Tanzania, Dar es Salaam; ISW, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam","Notes":null,"AnaPub":2001,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2013-01-10","DateCreate":"2002-01-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000168263100007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00113-6"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":22058,"PubliDate":2001,"Pagination":"243-249","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"26","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42659,"SerRR":"Environment International. 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