{"refrec":{"BRefID":2207,"RR":"<b>Fainzilber, M.; Gordon, D.C.; Zlotkin, E.</b> (1994). Molluscivorous <i>Conus</i> toxins as probes for voltage and ligand gated ion channels in molluscs. <i>Neth. J. Zool. 44(3-4)</i>: 486-494","BEntID":2207,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Neth. J. Zool. 44(3-4)</i>: 486-494","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Fainzilber, M.; Gordon, D.C.; Zlotkin, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Fainzilber, M.; Gordon, D.C.; Zlotkin, E.","Englishabstract":"Venomous <i>Conus</i> snails are highly specific in their feeding ecology, and include a group of some 50 species that feed only on other molluscs. The present work was based on the hypothesis that molluscivorours <i>Conus</i> toxins have undergone targeting to unique sites in prey excitable systems, and may therefore serve as selective probes for molluscan ion channels. Over the past four yeas we have examined molluscivorous <i>Conus</i> venoms using <i>in vitro</i> bioassays (Patella, Mytilus), and pharmalogical experiments in <i>Helix</i> CNS. Parallel assays have been performed by collaborating groups using electrophysiological techniques on isolated <i>Aplysia</i> or <i>Lymaea</i> neurons. A series of mollusc selective toxins have been characterized both chemically and pharmacologically. All the toxins are small (16-32 amino acid residues) cysteine-rich peptides. They differ from most previously characterized conotoxins in their charge, and in their relatively high content of hydrophobic residues. From the pharmacological point of view three categories of toxins have been characterised so far: (1) neuronal acetylcholine receptor blockers; (2) sodium channel blockers; and (3) toxins that slow inactivation of sodium channels. In addition, recent observations in<i>Lymnaea</i> systems suggest the existence of a number of calcium channel blockers in molluscivorous <i>Conus</i> venoms. These toxins provide useful tools for neurobiologists working with molluscan models, and are extremely selective probes for ion channel structure and function.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Molluscivorous <i>Conus</i> toxins as probes for voltage and ligand gated ion channels in molluscs","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1994,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-11-14","DateCreate":"2000-08-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":2207,"PubliDate":1994,"Pagination":"486-494","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"44","Issue":"3-4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43566,"SerRR":"Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 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