{"refrec":{"BRefID":221423,"RR":"<b>Schrooten, L.; De Vlieger, I.; Int Panis, L.; Styns, K.; Torfs, R.</b> (2008). Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity-based emission model. <i>Atmos. Environ. (1994) 42(4)</i>: 667-676. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071</a>","BEntID":213152,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Atmos. Environ. (1994) 42(4)</i>: 667-676. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schrooten, L.; De Vlieger, I.; Int Panis, L.; Styns, K.; Torfs, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schrooten, L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Air quality policy has focussed on land-based emissions for decades. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that emissions from sea-going vessels can no longer be ignored. There is a growing need for detailed emission inventories to evaluate the impact of this transport mode on air quality and health.</p><p id=\"\">In this paper we present MOPSEA, an activity-based emission model to determine emissions from sea-going vessels. The model considers shipping activities of sea-going vessels on Belgian territory, combined with individual vessel characteristics. We apply this model to study the effects of recent international efforts to reduce emissions from sea-going vessels in Belgian territorial waters for the current fleet and for two scenarios up to 2010.</p><p id=\"\">The emission model for Belgium, based on different vessel operating areas, reveals that most maritime emissions from the main engines will increase. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will increase by 2–9% over the 2004–2010 period due to an increase in shipping activity. NO<sub>X</sub> emissions are projected to rise between 1% and 8% because the increase in activity offsets the reductions from the international maritime organisation (IMO) and European regulations. In contrast, SO<sub>2</sub> emissions will decrease by at least 50% in 6 years time. The switch of auxiliaries from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil at berth results in a large emission reduction (33%) for PM and small reductions for CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub>, CO and HC (4–5%).</p><p id=\"\">The choice between a bottom-up versus top-down approach can have important implications for the allocation of maritime emissions. The MOPSEA bottom-up model allocates only 0.7 Mton CO<sub>2</sub> to Belgium, compared to 24.2 Mton CO<sub>2</sub> based on bunker fuel inventories.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity-based emission model","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-11 01:31:47.176372","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"    Sea-going vessels;     Activity-based;     Maritime emissions;     Air pollution;     Forecasting;     Legislation","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2008,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-06-12","DateCreate":"2012-12-19","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000253693800006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":221423,"PubliDate":2008,"Pagination":"667-676","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"42","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42224,"SerRR":"Atmospheric Environment (1994). Pergamon: Oxford.  ISSN 1352-2310; e-ISSN 1873-2844","StandardTitleSer":"Atmospheric Environment (1994)","ISSN":"1352-2310","AbbrevSer":"Atmos. Environ. 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