{"refrec":{"BRefID":221938,"RR":"<b>Préat, A.; Bultynck, P.; Brice, D.</b> (2006). Givetian. <i>Geol. Belg. 9(1-2)</i>: 9-18","BEntID":213665,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geol. Belg. 9(1-2)</i>: 9-18","DocTypID":16,"DocType":"Journal","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Préat, A.; Bultynck, P.; Brice, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Préat, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The Givetian Stage in the Givet area is represented by the main part of the Hanonet Fm, the Trois-Fontaines Fm, the Terres d'Haurs Fm, the Mont d'Haurs Fm, the Fromelennes Fm and the lowest part of the Nismes Fm. During Eifelian-Givetian transition, the sedimentary systems evolved from a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp to a carbonate platform dominated by cyclic tidal-flat and lagoonal wackestones with local patch reefs or coralgal banks. The shelf had an ESE-WNW trend and extended from the Avesnois basin (northern France) in the west to Aachen (western Germany). The sedimentation in the Ardennes consists of shallow water regressive metric (around 5 m or less) cycles. Stromatopores, corals, brachiopods, algae and cyanobacteria are abundant. Due to this general shallow water setting, the base of the Givetian Stage has been defined by the IUGS Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy in a GSSP in southern Morocco referring to the first occurence of the condodont species Polygnathus hemiansatus. 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