{"refrec":{"BRefID":221997,"RR":"<b>Rappé, G.; d'Udekem d'Acoz, C.</b> (1997). Verschijnen en verdwijnen van de Grijze zwemkrab in de Zuidelijke Noordzee. <i>Levende Nat. 98(5)</i>: 194-198","BEntID":213724,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Levende Nat. 98(5)</i>: 194-198","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rappé, G.; d'Udekem d'Acoz, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rappé, G.; d'Udekem d'Acoz, C.","Englishabstract":"The Grey swimming crab established itself in the Southern Bight of the North Sea probably in the beginning of the eighties, but was only identified with certainty in 1990, when it appeared in large numbers along the Belgian coast. The year after it was discovered in The Netherlands. It thrived for a number of years. The species is believed to be a member of the Lusitanian fauna, at the extreme northern limit of its natural distribution. Due to low temperatures during the winter 1995-1996, a massive mortality occurred, from which it has not been able to recover yet, as the winter 1995-1996 was followed by an even colder one in 1996-1997. Other crustacean decapod species are known to appear at intervals in continental coastal waters of the Southern Bight and to disappear due to severe winters (e.g. <i>Diogenes pugilator, Portumnus latipes</i> and <i>Necora puber</i>). Under favorable climatological circumstances, <i>Liocarcinus vernalis</i> might possibly return, e.g. from Northern France. However, recent beach and foreshore works carried out with a much coarser sediment than the natural substratum might locally render the return of this and other burrowing crab-species more difficult. 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