{"refrec":{"BRefID":222023,"RR":"<b>Morton, B.</b> (2009). Recovery from imposex by a population of the dogwhelk, <i>Nucella lapillus</i> (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), on the southeastern coast of England since May 2004: A 52-month study. <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58(10)</i>: 1530-1538. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.012\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.012</a>","BEntID":213750,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58(10)</i>: 1530-1538. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.012\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.012</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Morton, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Morton, B.","Englishabstract":"Over a 52-month period beginning in May 2004 and concluding in August 2008, and coinciding with the period over which TBT was banned as a ship anti-foulant globally, a population of the dogwhelk, <em>Nucella lapillus</em>, was studied for changes in population size and structure, and reproduction. During the study period, the size of the population of <em>N. lapillus</em> on the Mewsbrook Groyne at Littlehampton on the southeastern coast of England grew from &sim;25 individuals to &gt;500, i.e., a 20-fold increase. Similarly, population structure normalised to reveal a maximum age of up to &sim;3 years. The numbers of egg capsules produced by the <em>N. lapillus</em> population also grew over the study, again by a factor of 20, and the length of the breeding season increased from 7 months in 2004&ndash;2005 and 2005&ndash;2006 to 11 months in 2006&ndash;2007 and 2007&ndash;2008. Such changes were reflected in the incidence of imposex from Vas Deferens Index Stages 3 and 4 in 2003 to zero commencing in 2008 and continuing into 2009.</p><p id=\"\">Due to a lack of confirmatory chemical data, the changes in population size, structure and reproduction herein reported upon for <em>N. lapillus</em> cannot be correlated positively with changes in ambient TBT levels, but they can and are correlated with freedom from imposex. 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