{"refrec":{"BRefID":222088,"RR":"<b>Warner, J.F.; Van Buuren, A.</b> (2009). Multi-stakeholder learning and fighting on the river Scheldt. <i>Int. Negot. 14(2)</i>: 419-440. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180609X432888\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180609X432888</a>","BEntID":213814,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Int. Negot. 14(2)</i>: 419-440. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180609X432888\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180609X432888</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Warner, J.F.; Van Buuren, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Warner, J.F.; Van Buuren, A.","Englishabstract":"This article analyzes the history of conflict and cooperation on the river Scheldt. Dutch-Flemish relations over the shared Scheldt estuary go back for centuries. Only in the past 10 years has there been intensive negotiation on a joint vision for its future which takes the form of a cooperative multi-stakeholder platform incorporating public, private and NGO representatives. Yet, relations have not always been cooperative; negotiations have been tense at times. After discussing the merits of a learning- versus a fighting-oriented analysis and capturing its dynamics in a TWINS matrix, this study proposes an approach that combines collaboration with competition, or learning <i>and</i> fighting. 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