{"refrec":{"BRefID":222492,"RR":"<b>Van Bressem, M.F.; Van Waerebeek, K.; Raga, J.A.</b> (1999). A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics. <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 38(1)</i>: 53-65. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao038053\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao038053</a>","BEntID":214218,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Dis. Aquat. Org. 38(1)</i>: 53-65. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao038053\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao038053</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Van Bressem, M.F.; Van Waerebeek, K.; Raga, J.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Van Bressem, M.F. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Viruses belonging to 9 families have been detected in cetaceans. We critically review the clinical features, pathology and epidemiology of the diseases they cause. Cetacean morbillivirus (family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>) induces a serious disease with a high mortality rate and persists in several populations. It may have long-term effects on the dynamics of cetacean populations either as enzootic infection or recurrent epizootics. The latter presumably have the more profound impact due to removal of sexually mature individuals. Members of the family <i>Poxviridae</i> infect several species of odontocetes, resulting in ring and tattoo skin lesions. Although poxviruses apparently do not induce a high mortality, circumstancial evidence suggests they may be lethal in young animals lacking protective immunity, and thus may negatively affect net recruitment. Papillomaviruses (family <i>Papovaviridae</i>) cause genital warts in at least 3 species of cetaceans. In 10% of male Burmeister's porpoises <i>Phocoena</i> <i>spinipinnis</i> from Peru, lesions were sufficiently severe to at least hamper, if not impede, copulation. Members of the families <i>Herpesviridae</i>, <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i> and <i>Rhabdoviridae</i> were demonstrated in cetaceans suffering serious illnesses, but with the exception of a 'porpoise herpesvirus' their causative role is still tentative. Herpes-like viruses and caliciviruses (<i>Caliciviridae</i>) give rise to cutaneous diseases in <i>Monodontidae</i> and <i>Delphinidae</i>. Antibodies to several serotypes of caliciviruses were found in odontocetes and mysticetes. An unrecognized <i>Hepadnaviridae</i> was detected by serology in a captive Pacific white-sided dolphin <i>Lagenorhynchus</i> <i>obliquidens</i> with chronic persistent hepatitis. Adenoviruses (<i>Adenoviridae</i>) were isolated from the intestinal tracts of mysticeti and a beluga <i>Delphinapterus</i> <i>leucas</i> but were not associated with any pathologies. We discuss the potential impact of <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>, <i>Poxviridae</i> and <i>Papovaviridae</i> on the dynamics of several odontocete populations.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-07 01:31:16.663489","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"<i>Paramyxoviridae • Poxviridae • Papovaviridae • Herpesviridae • Orthomyxoviridae • Rhabdoviridae • Caliciviridae • Hepadnaviridae • Adenoviridae </i>• Cetaceans • Viral diseases","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1999,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-03-12","DateCreate":"2013-02-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000084847300007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3354/dao038053"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":222492,"PubliDate":1999,"Pagination":"53-65","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"38","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42792,"SerRR":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 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