{"refrec":{"BRefID":223871,"RR":"<b>De Ryck, D.J.R.; Robert, E.M.R.; Schmitz, N.; Van der Stocken, T.; Di Nitto, D.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; Koedam, N.</b> (2012). Size does matter, but not only size: two alternative dispersal strategies for viviparous mangrove propagules. <i>Aquat. Bot. 103</i>: 66-73. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.06.005\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.06.005</a>","BEntID":215594,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 103</i>: 66-73. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.06.005\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.06.005</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Ryck, D.J.R.; Robert, E.M.R.; Schmitz, N.; Van der Stocken, T.; Di Nitto, D.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; Koedam, N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Ryck, D.J.R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We studied the propagules of two widespread mangrove species, <em>Ceriops tagal</em> and <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em>, that are similar in shape but differ in other morpho-anatomical features (average length is 23.1 ± 2.2 cm and 44.4 ± 4.3 cm, resp., <em>n</em> = 180). We hypothesized the propagules of both species to have a different hydrodynamic behavior and establishing capacity, resulting in a different dispersal strategy. More specifically, we hypothesized that <em>C. tagal</em> propagules have a larger dispersal capacity than those of <em>R. mucronata.</em> The dispersal strategies of <em>C. tagal</em> and <em>R. mucronata</em> propagules were elucidated through a combination of a propagule tracking (<em>n</em> = 180 per species), predation (<em>n</em> = 20 per species) and root-growth experiment (<em>n</em> = 120 per species), carried out in the field. <em>C. tagal</em> and <em>R. mucronata</em> adopted two different dispersal strategies. <em>C. tagal</em> releases a large number of propagules and disperses fast, having a slender morphology and low density (average <em>?</em>: 985.29 ± 19.02 g L<sup>-1</sup><strong class=\"boldFont\">)</strong>, as well as a high agility (smaller size) when dispersing through dense root systems. <em>C. tagal</em> propagules have a theoretical advantage to disperse over longer distances over the thicker, longer and denser <em>R. mucronata</em> propagules (average <em>?</em>: 1003.92 ± 8.52 g L<sup>-1</sup>; <em>t</em> = 8.90, <em>p</em> < 0.0001, <em>n</em> = 197). <em>C. tagal</em> have, however, lower establishment chances due to slower root-growth, desiccation sensitivity and smaller size. In contrast to <em>Ceriops</em>’ tactic of releasing high numbers of propagules and fast dispersal, <em>R. mucronata</em> has adopted a dispersal tactic of survival. Fewer propagules are released, but they are more resistant to predators due to their larger size and they can anchor themselves faster due to quicker root-growth (Mann–Whitney <em>U</em>: <em>p</em> < 0.0001, <em>n</em><sub>Ct</sub> = 59, <em>n</em><sub>Rm</sub> = 57). Overall, propagule characteristics of both species result in different and alternative dispersal strategies on a local scale, contradicting our initial hypothesis. On a global scale, we hypothesize this might lead to a similar capacity for long-distance dispersal, ending in successful establishment.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Size does matter, but not only size: two alternative dispersal strategies for viviparous mangrove propagules","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-05 01:30:56.735762","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Ceriops tagal;     Rhizophora mucronata;     Long-distance dispersal;     Hydrochory;     Predation;     Propagule density;     Propagule size;     Tracking;     Vivipary;     Root-growth","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2012,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-06-12","DateCreate":"2013-03-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000311177900009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.06.005"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":223871,"PubliDate":2012,"Pagination":"66-73","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"103","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42195,"SerRR":"Aquatic Botany. 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