{"refrec":{"BRefID":224319,"RR":"<b>Meckler, A.N.; Sigman, D.M.; Gibson, K.A.; Francois, R.; Martínez-Garcia, A.; Jaccard, S.L.; Röhl, U.; Peterson, L.C.; Tiedemann, R.; Haug, G.H.</b> (2013). Deglacial pulses of deep-ocean silicate into the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. <i>Nature (Lond.) 495(7442)</i>: 495-498. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12006\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12006</a>","BEntID":216043,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature (Lond.) 495(7442)</i>: 495-498. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12006\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12006</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Meckler, A.N.; Sigman, D.M.; Gibson, K.A.; Francois, R.; Martínez-Garcia, A.; Jaccard, S.L.; Röhl, U.; Peterson, L.C.; Tiedemann, R.; Haug, G.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Meckler, A.N. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Growing evidence suggests that the low atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of the ice ages resulted from enhanced storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in the ocean interior, largely as a result of changes in the Southern Ocean. Early in the most recent deglaciation, a reduction in North Atlantic overturning circulation seems to have driven <sub>2</sub> release from the Southern Ocean, but the mechanism connecting the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean remains unclear. Biogenic opal export in the low-latitude ocean relies on silicate from the underlying thermocline, the concentration of which is affected by the circulation of the ocean interior. Here we report a record of biogenic opal export from a coastal upwelling system off the coast of northwest Africa that shows pronounced opal maxima during each glacial termination over the past 550,000 years. These opal peaks are consistent with a strong deglacial reduction in the formation of silicate-poor glacial North Atlantic intermediate water (GNAIW). The loss of GNAIW allowed mixing with underlying silicate-rich deep water to increase the silicate supply to the surface ocean. An increase in westerly-wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean in response to the North Atlantic change has been proposed to drive the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (refs 3, 4). However, such a circulation change would have accelerated the formation of Antarctic intermediate water and sub-Antarctic mode water, which today have as little silicate as North Atlantic Deep Water and would have thus maintained low silicate concentrations in the Atlantic thermocline. The deglacial opal maxima reported here suggest an alternative mechanism for the deglacial CO2 release. Just as the reduction in GNAIW led to upward silicate transport, it should also have allowed the downward mixing of warm, low-density surface water to reach into the deep ocean. The resulting decrease in the density of the deep Atlantic relative to the Southern Ocean s</sub> to the atmosphere.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Deglacial pulses of deep-ocean silicate into the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:32:00.296054","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2013,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2013-04-05","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000316682800042","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1038/nature12006"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":224319,"PubliDate":2013,"Pagination":"495-498","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"495","Issue":"7442","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43431,"SerRR":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 0028-0836; e-ISSN 1476-4687","StandardTitleSer":"Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science","ISSN":"0028-0836","AbbrevSer":"Nature (Lond.)","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":495,"Pages":4,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Meckler","Firstname":null,"Initials":"A.N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":84353,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Sigman","Firstname":"Daniel","Initials":"D.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":19529,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Gibson","Firstname":null,"Initials":"K.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":160052,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Francois","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":27430,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Martínez-Garcia","Firstname":"Alfredo","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":125296,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Jaccard","Firstname":"Samuel","Initials":"S.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":43564,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Röhl","Firstname":null,"Initials":"U.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":52907,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Peterson","Firstname":null,"Initials":"L.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":104420,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Tiedemann","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":20171,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Haug","Firstname":"Gerald","Initials":"G.H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":216043,"AutID":33194,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":254104,"LibID":36,"BRefID":224319,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"254104","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"A, North Atlantic","ThestID":181724,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"A, North Atlantic"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Carbon dioxide","ThestID":1330,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemical compounds > Carbon compounds > Atmospheric gases > Carbon dioxide"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Silicates","ThestID":7649,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemical compounds > Silicon compounds > Silicates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deglaciation","ThestID":2185,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Deglaciation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogenic material","ThestID":931,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Materials > Biogenic material"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ocean circulation","ThestID":5650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Motion > Water motion > Circulation > Water circulation > Ocean circulation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Palaeoceanography","ThestID":5966,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Palaeo studies > Oceanography > Palaeoceanography"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oceans","ThestID":5716,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Water bodies > Oceans"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"A, North Atlantic"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogenic material"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Carbon dioxide"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deglaciation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ocean circulation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oceans"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Palaeoceanography"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Silicates"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"North Atlantic Ocean"},{"GeoTerm":"Southern Ocean"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":216043,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12006","externalID":"10.1038/nature12006","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":26732,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"A, North Atlantic","ThestID":181724,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogenic material","ThestID":931,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Carbon dioxide","ThestID":1330,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deglaciation","ThestID":2185,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ocean circulation","ThestID":5650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oceans","ThestID":5716,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Palaeoceanography","ThestID":5966,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Silicates","ThestID":7649,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"North Atlantic Ocean","GeoObjectID":1912,"GeotID":6},{"GeoTerm":"Southern Ocean","GeoObjectID":1907,"GeotID":6491}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"A, North Atlantic","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":181724,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biogenic material","DutchTerm":"Biogenisch materiaal","ThestID":931,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Carbon dioxide","DutchTerm":"Koolstofdioxide","ThestID":1330,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deglaciation","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":2185,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ocean circulation","DutchTerm":"Oceaancirculatie","ThestID":5650,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oceans","DutchTerm":"Oceanen","ThestID":5716,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Palaeoceanography","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":5966,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Silicates","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":7649,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"North Atlantic Ocean","DutchTerm":null},{"GeoTerm":"Southern Ocean","DutchTerm":"Zuidelijke Oceaan"}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2013-04-05 08:23:17.323000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2018-02-13 19:34:46.407000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}