{"refrec":{"BRefID":2245,"RR":"<b>Block, G.D.; Guesz, M.; Khalsa, S.B.; Manivannan, K.; Michel, S.; Withmore, D.</b> (1994). Unwinding the snail's clock: cellular analysis of a retinal circadian pacemaker. <i>Neth. J. Zool. 44(3-4)</i>: 550-562","BEntID":2245,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Neth. J. Zool. 44(3-4)</i>: 550-562","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":1,"Authorstring":"Block, G.D.; Guesz, M.; Khalsa, S.B.; Manivannan, K.; Michel, S.; Withmore, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Block, G.D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The eye of the cloudy bubble snail, <i>Bulla gouldiana</i>, expresses a circadian rhythm in spontaneous optic nerve impulse frequency. The circadian rhythm is generated among a group of approximately 100 neurons (basal retinal neurons-BRNs) at the base of the retina. Each BRN appears to be a competent circadian pacemaker. Using the <i>Bulla</i>retina as a model pacemaker system our laboratory has adressed three central issues of circadian physiology:Synchronization: Entertainment of the ocular rhythm to light cycles is mediated by depolarization of pacemaker neurons with a resultant transmembrane calcium flux. Phase shifts of the rhythm are prevented when calcium entry or membrane depolarization is blocked and light-induced phase shifts can be mimicked by depolarization. Depolarization leads to a persistent increase in intracellular calcium in pacemaker neurons.Expression: The circadian rhythm in impulse frequency is driven by a rhythm in membrane conductance. Membrane conductance is relatively high during the subjective night and decreases by approximately 50 percent near subjective dawn. The 'clock-controlled' conductances are TEA sensitive and recent experiments reveal a circadian modulation in a sustaned calcium-independant potassium conductance.Rhythm generation: Protein synthesis and transcription appear to play critical roles in rhythm genesis. Alterations in the rates of transcription and translation profoundly affect the velocity of the circadian pacemaker in a phase-dependent manner. Transmembrane ionic fluxes, while not involved in rhythm generation, play critical roles in pacemaker synchronization and rhythm expression.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Unwinding the snail's clock: cellular analysis of a retinal circadian pacemaker","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1994,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2000-08-24","DateCreate":"2000-08-24","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":2245,"PubliDate":1994,"Pagination":"550-562","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"44","Issue":"3-4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43566,"SerRR":"Netherlands Journal of Zoology. E.J. Brill: Leiden.  ISSN 0028-2960; e-ISSN 1568-542X","StandardTitleSer":"Netherlands Journal of Zoology","ISSN":"0028-2960","AbbrevSer":"Neth. J. Zool.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":550,"Pages":13,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Block","Firstname":null,"Initials":"G.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4054,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Guesz","Firstname":null,"Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4055,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Khalsa","Firstname":null,"Initials":"S.B.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4056,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Manivannan","Firstname":null,"Initials":"K.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4057,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Michel","Firstname":null,"Initials":"S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4058,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Withmore","Firstname":null,"Initials":"D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":2245,"AutID":4059,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"E.J. Brill","City":"Leiden"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":2245,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stefaan","newSesDate":{"date":"2000-08-24 19:15:10.000000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stefaan","updSesDate":{"date":"2000-08-24 19:15:10.000000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}