{"refrec":{"BRefID":224740,"RR":"<b>Guiselin, N.<\/b> (2010). Etude de la dynamique des communaut\u00e9s phytoplanctoniques par microscopie et cytom\u00e9trie en flux, en eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de la Manche orientale. PhD Thesis. Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale: Wimereux.  190 + annexes pp.","BEntID":216464,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". PhD Thesis. Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale: Wimereux.  190 + annexes pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book\/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Guiselin, N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Guiselin, N.","Englishabstract":null,"AbstractOtherLang":"Les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res contribuent de mani\u00e8re importante \u00e0 la production primaire des oc\u00e9ans. Le compartiment phytoplanctonique y joue un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant de par sa position de producteur primaire \u00e0 la base des r\u00e9seaux trophiques, mais \u00e9galement en termes de diversit\u00e9. Il est capable d\u2019int\u00e9grer et\/ou de refl\u00e9ter les changements environnementaux qui s\u2019op\u00e8rent \u00e0 court, moyen et long terme. Le but de ce travail a \u00e9t\u00e9 de caract\u00e9riser la dynamique phytoplanctonique en eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, en utilisant une technique traditionnelle (la microscopie) et une technique d\u2019analyse automatis\u00e9e des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s optiques individuelles des cellules (la cytom\u00e9trie en flux). L\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la Manche orientale a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme site atelier et se caract\u00e9rise par un important hydrodynamisme et la r\u00e9currence d\u2019efflorescences massives de Phaeocystis globosa. Au cours du travail de th\u00e8se, une fr\u00e9quence d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019observation a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e, allant de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements mensuels \u00e0 des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements journaliers \u00e0 quatre moments diff\u00e9rents du bloom printanier en 2007. Le premier objectif a consist\u00e9 en l\u2019\u00e9tude de la variabilit\u00e9 temporelle des communaut\u00e9s phytoplanctoniques \u00e0 long (1992-2007) et moyen terme (2005-2007), avec des r\u00e9solutions temporelles diff\u00e9rentes, dans le but d\u2019appr\u00e9hender leur relation avec les facteurs environnementaux. Une premi\u00e8re \u00e9chelle interannuelle sur le long terme a permis d\u2019appr\u00e9hender les principaux changements saisonniers ainsi que les tendances majeures de variabilit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces les plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es, en relation avec les concentrations en sels nutritifs. A une \u00e9chelle saisonni\u00e8re sur le moyen terme, la succession et le d\u00e9veloppement des communaut\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s au cours de la p\u00e9riode productive printani\u00e8re. Cette \u00e9tude a permis de mieux comprendre certains m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9gissant les efflorescences algales (blooms), en particulier les facteurs physico-chimiques mais aussi biologiques. Le second objectif visait \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la structure des communaut\u00e9s au cours de ces diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles. Des assemblages de taxons principaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u00e9vidence en fonction de leur occurrence et de leur diversit\u00e9 morphologique visant \u00e0 d\u00e9finir des groupes fonctionnels. En particulier, les morphotypes de Phaeocystis globosa ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9s dans ce sens, car la diversit\u00e9 de ses formes de vie conditionne son succ\u00e8s dans le milieu. L\u2019abondance, la biomasse et la diversit\u00e9 phytoplanctoniques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dans un premier temps estim\u00e9es par microscopie. Cependant, dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e0 court terme, il s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 utile d\u2019appliquer une m\u00e9thodologie alternative \u00e0 la microscopie. La cytom\u00e9trie en flux est une technique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour l\u2019\u00e9num\u00e9ration des cellules individuelles, identifi\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de l\u2019analyse de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s optiques (diffusion et fluorescence). L\u2019analyse des cellules phytoplanctoniques est alors facilit\u00e9e par l\u2019autofluorescence des pigments photosynth\u00e9tiques. Nous avons utilis\u00e9 un cytom\u00e8tre en flux de \u00ab scanning \u00bb (CytoSense Benchtop-CytoBuoy\u00a9) sp\u00e9cialement adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9tection et l\u2019\u00e9num\u00e9ration des cellules phytoplanctoniques entre 1 et 800\u00b5m. Cette m\u00e9thode a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 une mise au point et a permis d\u2019effectuer des mesures reproductibles de dur\u00e9e inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 10 min. Des groupes d\u2019esp\u00e8ces voire des esp\u00e8ces ou stades de vie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 la fois manuellement et en syst\u00e8me semi-automatis\u00e9, sur la base de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s optiques similaires. 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