{"refrec":{"BRefID":226794,"RR":"<b>Fischer, V.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Uspensky, G.N.; Stenshin, I.M.; Godefroit, P.</b> (2014). A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae. <i>Geol. Mag. 151(1)</i>: 60-70. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000994\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000994</a>","BEntID":218513,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geol. Mag. 151(1)</i>: 60-70. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000994\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000994</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Fischer, V.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Uspensky, G.N.; Stenshin, I.M.; Godefroit, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Fischer, V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Ophthalmosaurinae is a recently recognized clade of derived ichthyosaurs (marine reptiles) ranging from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) to the late Albian (late Early Cretaceous). Whereas the Middle–Late Jurassic ophthalmosaurine <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> is often regarded as a hyperspecialized deep diver, very little is known about the anatomy, evolutionary history and ecology of Cretaceous ophthalmosaurines because of the scarcity of the fossils and the lack of well-preserved skull material. Here, we describe the skull of a new basal ophthalmosaurine ichthyosaur, <i>Leninia stellans</i> gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Aptian of western Russia, and compare the ocular characteristics of ophthalmosaurids. <i>Leninia</i> is recovered as a basal ophthalmosaurine; it possesses unique traits such as a star-shaped frontal–parietal suture as well as features previously thought to be unique to <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> such as a supratemporal–stapes contact. A large sclerotic aperture – significantly larger than in platypterygiine ophthalmosaurids and similar to that of the largest-eyed modern animals (giant and colossal squids) – and reduced dentition appear widespread within ophthalmosaurines. This conservatism suggests ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurids occupied similar ecological niche(s) throughout their long evolutionary history.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-22 01:31:45.228219","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"    Ophthalmosauridae;     Aptian;     Ulyanovsk;     vision;     ecology","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-06-12","DateCreate":"2013-06-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000332374100008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1017/S0016756812000994"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":226794,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"60-70","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"151","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42911,"SerRR":"Geological Magazine. Cambridge University Press: London.  ISSN 0016-7568; e-ISSN 1469-5081","StandardTitleSer":"Geological Magazine","ISSN":"0016-7568","AbbrevSer":"Geol. Mag.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":1,"Pages":70,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Fischer","Firstname":"Valentin","Initials":"V.","Affiliation":"Geology Department, University of Liège","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":218513,"AutID":162430,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Université de Liège; Faculté des Sciences; Département de Géologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-8808-6747","PersID":26748,"InsID":4762},{"AutName":"Arkhangelsky","Firstname":"Maxim","Initials":"M.S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":218513,"AutID":154173,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Uspensky","Firstname":"Gleb","Initials":"G.N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":218513,"AutID":162433,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Stenshin","Firstname":"Ilya","Initials":"I.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":218513,"AutID":162434,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Godefroit","Firstname":"Pascal","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Palaeontology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":218513,"AutID":162435,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen; Departement Paleontologie","ORCID":null,"PersID":26609,"InsID":176}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":279648,"LibID":36,"BRefID":226794,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"279648","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open Marien Archief","URL":null,"ClassifID":235,"Classification":"Open Marine Archive","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":5,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":0,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_OMA","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Cambridge University Press","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Ophthalmosaurinae"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"729":{"SpName":"Marine Paleontology","SpColID":729,"ParSpColID":396,"TopParID":396,"ShortName":"marpal","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":396,"SpColPath":"vliz:biblio/marpal"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"},"396":{"SpName":"VLIZ Bibliographies","SpColID":396,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"vliz:biblio","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"vliz:biblio"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":218513,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":218513,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000994","externalID":"10.1017/S0016756812000994","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":28112,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Ophthalmosaurinae","AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":39971}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Ophthalmosaurinae","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":39971}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2013-06-20 08:11:45.823000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2016-06-12 21:28:52.220000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}