{"refrec":{"BRefID":226901,"RR":"<b>Rekecki, A.; Ringø, E.; Olsen, R.; Myklebust, R.; Dierckens, K.; Bergh, Ø; Laureau, S.; Cornelissen, M.; Ducatelle, R.; Decostere, A.; Bossier, P.; Van Den Broeck, W.</b> (2013). Luminal uptake of <i>Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum</i> by shed enterocytes - a novel early defence strategy in larval fish. <i>J. Fish Dis. 36(4)</i>: 419-426. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12009\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12009</a>","BEntID":218621,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Fish Dis. 36(4)</i>: 419-426. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12009\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12009</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rekecki, A.; Ringø, E.; Olsen, R.; Myklebust, R.; Dierckens, K.; Bergh, Ø; Laureau, S.; Cornelissen, M.; Ducatelle, R.; Decostere, A.; Bossier, P.; Van Den Broeck, W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rekecki, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"As adhesion and translocation through fish gut enterocytes of the pathogen <i>Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum</i> are not well investigated, the effective cause of disease and mortality outbreaks in larval sea bass, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, suffering from vibriosis is unknown. We detected <i>V. anguillarum</i> within the gut of experimentally infected gnotobiotic sea bass larvae using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling. Intact bacteria were observed in close contact with the apical brush border in the gut lumen. Enterocytes contained lysosomes positive for protein A-gold particles suggesting intracellular elimination of bacterial fragments. Shed intestinal cells were regularly visualized in the gut lumen in late stages of exposure. Some of the luminal cells showed invagination and putative engulfment of bacterial structures by pseudopod-like formations. The engulfed structures were positive for protein A-colloidal gold indicating that these structures were <i>V. anguillarum</i>. Immunogold positive thread-like structures secreted by <i>V. anguillarum</i> suggested the presence of outer membrane vesicles (MVs) hypothesizing that MVs are potent transporters of active virulence factors to sea bass gut cells suggestive for a substantial role in biofilm formation and pathogenesis. 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