{"refrec":{"BRefID":227020,"RR":"<b>Horwood, J.; O’Brien, C.; Darby, C.</b> (2006). North Sea cod recovery? <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 63</i>: 961-968. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.05.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.05.001</a>","BEntID":218741,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":" <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 63</i>: 961-968. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.05.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.05.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Horwood, J.; O’Brien, C.; Darby, C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Horwood, J.; O’Brien, C.; Darby, C.","Englishabstract":"Recovery of depleted marine, demersal, commercial fish stocks has proved elusive worldwide. As yet, just a few shared or highly migratory stocks have been restored. Here we review the current status of the depleted North Sea cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>), the scientific advice to managers, and the recovery measures in place. Monitoring the progress of North Sea cod recovery is now hampered by considerable uncertainties in stock assessments associated with low stock size, variable survey indices, and inaccurate catch data. In addition, questions arise as to whether recovery targets are achievable in a changing natural environment. We show that current targets are achievable with fishing mortality rates that are compatible with international agreements even if recruitment levels remain at the current low levels. Furthermore, recent collations of data on international fishing effort have allowed estimation of the cuts in fishing mortality achieved by restrictions on North Sea effort. By the beginning of 2005, these restrictions are estimated to have reduced fishing mortality rates by about 37%. 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