{"refrec":{"BRefID":229003,"RR":"<b>Stanton, T.P.; Shaw, W.J.; Truffer, M.; Corr, H.F.J.; Peters, L.E.; Riverman, K.L.; Bindschadler, R.; Holland, D.M.; Anandakrishnan, S.</b> (2013). Channelized ice melting in the ocean boundary layer beneath Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica. <i>Science (Wash.) 341(6151)</i>: 1236-1239. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239373\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239373</a>","BEntID":220724,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 341(6151)</i>: 1236-1239. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239373\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239373</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Stanton, T.P.; Shaw, W.J.; Truffer, M.; Corr, H.F.J.; Peters, L.E.; Riverman, K.L.; Bindschadler, R.; Holland, D.M.; Anandakrishnan, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Stanton, T.P. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Ice shelves play a key role in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets by buttressing their seaward-flowing outlet glaciers; however, they are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken if ocean thermal forcing increases. An expedition to the ice shelf of the remote Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades, has been completed. Observations from geophysical surveys and long-term oceanographic instruments deployed down bore holes into the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the channel apex by 0.06 meter per day, with near-zero melt rates along the flanks of the channel. A complex pattern of such channels is visible throughout the Pine Island Glacier shelf. 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