{"refrec":{"BRefID":231400,"RR":"<b>Koopmans, M.; van Rijswijk, P.; Martens, D.; Egorova-Zachernyuk, T.A.; Middelburg, J.J.; Wijffels, R.H.</b> (2011). Carbon conversion and metabolic rate in two marine sponges. <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 158(1)</i>: 9-20. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x</a>","BEntID":223112,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 158(1)</i>: 9-20. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Koopmans, M.; van Rijswijk, P.; Martens, D.; Egorova-Zachernyuk, T.A.; Middelburg, J.J.; Wijffels, R.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Koopmans, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The carbon metabolism of two marine sponges, <i>Haliclona oculata</i> and <i>Dysidea avara</i>, has been studied using a <sup>13</sup>C isotope pulse-chase approach. The sponges were fed <sup>13</sup>C-labeled diatoms (<i>Skeletonema costatum</i>) for 8 h and they took up between 75 and 85%. At different times, sponges were sampled for total <sup>13</sup>C enrichment, and fatty acid (FA) composition and <sup>13</sup>C enrichment. Algal biomarkers present in the sponges were highly labeled after feeding but their labeling levels decreased until none was left 10 days after enrichment. The sponge-specific FAs incorporated <sup>13</sup>C label already during the first day and the amount of <sup>13</sup>C label inside these FAs kept increasing until 3 weeks after labeling. The algal-derived carbon captured by the sponges during the 8-h feeding period was thus partly respired and partly metabolized during the weeks following. Apparently, sponges are able to capture enough food during short periods to sustain longer-term metabolism. The change of carbon metabolic rate of fatty acid synthesis due to mechanical damage of sponge tissue was studied by feeding sponges with <sup>13</sup>C isotope–labeled diatom (<i>Pheaodactylum tricornutum</i>) either after or before damaging and tracing back the <sup>13</sup>C content in the damaged and healthy tissue. The filtration and respiration in both sponges responded quickly to damage. The rate of respiration in <i>H. oculata</i> reduced immediately after damage, but returned to its initial level after 6 h. The <sup>13</sup>C data revealed that <i>H. oculata</i> has a higher metabolic rate in the tips where growth occurs compared to the rest of the tissue and that the metabolic rate is increased after damage of the tissue. For <i>D. avara</i>, no differences were found between damaged and non-damaged tissue. However, the filtration rate decreased directly after damage.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Carbon conversion and metabolic rate in two marine sponges","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:26.970373","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2016-09-22","DateCreate":"2013-12-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000285783700002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":231400,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"9-20","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"158","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43352,"SerRR":"Marine Biology: International Journal on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters. Springer: Heidelberg; Berlin.  ISSN 0025-3162; e-ISSN 1432-1793","StandardTitleSer":"Marine Biology: International Journal on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters","ISSN":"0025-3162","AbbrevSer":"Mar. Biol. 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