{"refrec":{"BRefID":232396,"RR":"<b>Purcell, J.E.</b> (2012). Jellyfish and ctenophore blooms coincide with human proliferations and environmental perturbations, <b><i>in</i></b>: Carlson, C.A. <i>et al.</i> <i>Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4. Annual Review of Marine Science,</i> 4: pp. 209-235. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142751\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142751</a>","BEntID":224108,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Carlson, C.A. <i>et al.</i> <i>Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4. Annual Review of Marine Science,</i> 4: pp. 209-235. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142751\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142751</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Purcell, J.E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Purcell, J.E.","Englishabstract":"Human populations have been concentrated along and exploiting the coastal zones for millennia. Of regions with the highest human impacts on the oceans (Halpern et al. 2008), 6 of the top 10 have recently experienced blooms or problems with jellies. I review the time lines of human population growth and their effects on the coastal environment. I explore evidence suggesting that human activities - specifically, seafood harvest, eutrophication, hard substrate additions, transport of nonindigenous species, aquaculture, and climate change - may benefit jelly populations. Direct evidence is lacking for most of these factors; however, numerous correlations show abundant jellies in areas with warm temperatures and low forage fish populations. Jelly populations fluctuate in 10- and 20-year cycles in concert with solar and climate cycles. Global warming will provide a rising baseline against which climate cycles will cause fluctuations in jelly populations. 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