{"refrec":{"BRefID":232846,"RR":"<b>Downs, C.A.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Fauth, J.E.; Segal, R.; Bronstein, O.; Jeger, R.; Lichtenfeld, Y.; Woodley, C.M.; Pennington, P.; Kushmaro, A.; Loya, Y.</b> (2014). Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, <i>Stylophora pistillata</i>. <i>Ecotoxicology 23(2)</i>: 175-191. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y</a>","BEntID":224557,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ecotoxicology 23(2)</i>: 175-191. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Downs, C.A.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Fauth, J.E.; Segal, R.; Bronstein, O.; Jeger, R.; Lichtenfeld, Y.; Woodley, C.M.; Pennington, P.; Kushmaro, A.; Loya, Y.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Downs, C.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) is an additive to personal-care products and commercial solutions that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. BP-2 is an “emerging contaminant of concern” that is often released as a pollutant through municipal and boat/ship wastewater discharges and landfill leachates, as well as through residential septic fields and unmanaged cesspits. Although BP-2 may be a contaminant on coral reefs, its environmental toxicity to reefs is unknown. This poses a potential management issue, since BP-2 is a known endocrine disruptor as well as a weak genotoxicant. We examined the effects of BP-2 on the larval form (planula) of the coral, Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity to in vitro coral cells. BP-2 is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light versus in darkness. Whether in darkness or light, BP-2 induced coral planulae to transform from a motile planktonic state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of BP-2. BP-2 is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a strong positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing BP-2 concentrations. BP-2 exposure in the light induced extensive necrosis in both the epidermis and gastrodermis. In contrast, BP-2 exposure in darkness induced autophagy and autophagic cell death. The LC50 of BP-2 in the light for an 8 and 24 h exposure was 120 and 165 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The LC50s for BP-2 in darkness for the same time points were 144 and 548 ppb. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) were 246 parts per trillion in the light and 9.6 ppb in darkness.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, <i>Stylophora pistillata</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"          Coral         Benzophenone-2         Cell toxicity         Coral planula         Sunscreen UV filters","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2014-01-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000330966000006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":232846,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"175-191","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"23","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45315,"SerRR":"Ecotoxicology. 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