{"refrec":{"BRefID":233508,"RR":"Coates, D.; Deschutter, Y.; Vincx, M.; Vanaverbeke, J.<\/b> (2014). Enrichment and shifts in macrobenthic assemblages in an offshore wind farm area in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Mar. Environ. Res. 95<\/i>: 1-12. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2013.12.008<\/a>","BEntID":225193,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". Mar. Environ. Res. 95<\/i>: 1-12. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2013.12.008<\/a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Coates, D.; Deschutter, Y.; Vincx, M.; Vanaverbeke, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Coates, D. et al.<\/i>","Englishabstract":"The growing development of offshore wind energy installations across the North Sea is producing new hard anthropogenic structures in the natural soft sediments, causing changes to the surrounding macrobenthos. The extent of modification in permeable sediments around a gravity based wind turbine in the Belgian part of the North Sea was investigated in the period 2011 \u2013 2012, along four gradients (south-west, north-east, south-east, north-west). Sediment grain size significantly reduced from 427 \u00b5m at 200 m to 312 \u00b1 3 \u00b5m at 15 m from the foundation along the south-west and north-west gradients. The organic matter content increased from 0.4 \u00b1 0.01% at 100 m to 2.5 \u00b1 0.9% at 15 m from the foundation. The observed changes in environmental characteristics triggered an increase in the macrobenthic density from 1390 \u00b1 129 ind m-2<\/sup> at 200 m to 18 583 \u00b1 6713 ind m-2<\/sup> at 15 m together with an enhanced diversity from 10 \u00b1 2 at 200 m to 30 \u00b1 5 species per sample at 15 m. Shifts in species dominance were also detected with a greater dominance of the ecosystem-engineer Lanice conchilega<\/i> (16\u201325%) close to the foundation. 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