{"refrec":{"BRefID":234052,"RR":"<b>Fors, Y.; Grudd, H.; Rindby, A.; Jalilehvand, F.; Sandström, M.; Cato, I.; Bornmalm, L.</b> (2014). Sulfur and iron accumulation in three marine-archaeological shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea: The <i>Ghost</i>, the <i>Crown</i> and the <i>Sword</i>. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 4(4222)</i>: 6 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04222\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04222</a>","BEntID":225736,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 4(4222)</i>: 6 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04222\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep04222</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Fors, Y.; Grudd, H.; Rindby, A.; Jalilehvand, F.; Sandström, M.; Cato, I.; Bornmalm, L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Fors, Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Sulfur and iron concentrations in wood from three 17th century shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea, the Ghost wreck, the Crown and the Sword, were obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. In near anaerobic environments symbiotic microorganisms degrade waterlogged wood, reduce sulfate and promote accumulation of low-valent sulfur compounds, as previously found for the famous wrecks of the Vasa and Mary Rose. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analyses of Ghost wreck wood show that organic thiols and disulfides dominate, together with elemental sulfur probably generated by sulfur-oxidizing Beggiatoa bacteria. Iron sulfides were not detected, consistent with the relatively low iron concentration in the wood. In a museum climate with high atmospheric humidity oxidation processes, especially of iron sulfides formed in the presence of corroding iron, may induce post-conservation wood degradation. Subject to more general confirmation by further analyses no severe conservation concerns are expected for the Ghost wreck wood.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Sulfur and iron accumulation in three marine-archaeological shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea: The <i>Ghost</i>, the <i>Crown</i> and the <i>Sword</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:32:37.971053","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2014-03-11","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000331956600006","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/srep04222"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":234052,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"6 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"4","Issue":"4222","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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