{"refrec":{"BRefID":234941,"RR":"<b>Sapir, A.; Dillman, A.R.; Connon, S.A.; Grupe, B.M.; Ingels, J.; Mundo-Ocampo, M.; Levin, L.A.; Baldwin, J.G.; Orphan, V.J.; Sternberg, P.W.</b> (2014). Microsporidia-nematode associations in methane seeps reveal basal fungal parasitism in the deep sea. <i>Front. Microbiol. 5</i>: 1-12. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043</a>","BEntID":226626,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Microbiol. 5</i>: 1-12. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sapir, A.; Dillman, A.R.; Connon, S.A.; Grupe, B.M.; Ingels, J.; Mundo-Ocampo, M.; Levin, L.A.; Baldwin, J.G.; Orphan, V.J.; Sternberg, P.W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sapir, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The deep sea is Earth's largest habitat but little is known about the nature of deep-sea parasitism. In contrast to a few characterized cases of bacterial and protistan parasites, the existence and biological significance of deep-sea parasitic fungi is yet to be understood. Here we report the discovery of a fungus-related parasitic microsporidium, <i>Nematocenator marisprofundi</i> n. gen. n. sp. that infects benthic nematodes at methane seeps on the Pacific Ocean floor. This infection is species-specific and has been temporally and spatially stable over 2 years of sampling, indicating an ecologically consistent host-parasite interaction. A high distribution of spores in the reproductive tracts of infected males and females and their absence from host nematodes' intestines suggests a sexual transmission strategy in contrast to the fecal-oral transmission of most microsporidia. <i>N. marisprofundi</i> targets the host's body wall muscles causing cell lysis, and in severe infection even muscle filament degradation. Phylogenetic analyses placed <i>N. marisprofundi</i> in a novel and basal clade not closely related to any described microsporidia clade, suggesting either that microsporidia-nematode parasitism occurred early in microsporidia evolution or that host specialization occurred late in an ancient deep-sea microsporidian lineage. Our findings reveal that methane seeps support complex ecosystems involving interkingdom interactions between bacteria, nematodes, and parasitic fungi and that microsporidia parasitism exists also in the deep-sea biosphere.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Microsporidia-nematode associations in methane seeps reveal basal fungal parasitism in the deep sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-11 01:31:53.989479","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Deep-sea methane seeps; Nematodes hosts; Deep-sea microsporidia parasitism; Muscle decomposion; Basal fungi in the deep sea","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2014-04-30","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000331788900001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":234941,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"1-12","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"5","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":234940,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Microbiology. Frontiers Media: Lausanne.  ISSN 1664-302X; e-ISSN 1664-302X","StandardTitleSer":"Frontiers in Microbiology","ISSN":"1664-302X","AbbrevSer":"Front. Microbiol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":1,"Pages":12,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Sapir","Firstname":"Amir","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":"CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293115,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Dillman","Firstname":"Adler","Initials":"A.R.","Affiliation":"CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293116,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Connon","Firstname":"Stephanie","Initials":"S.A.","Affiliation":"CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293117,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Grupe","Firstname":"Benjamin","Initials":"B.M.","Affiliation":"Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293118,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Ingels","Firstname":"Jeroen","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Plymouth Marine Lab, Marine Life Support Syst, Plymouth, Devon, England.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293119,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0001-8342-2222","PersID":7752,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Mundo-Ocampo","Firstname":"Manuel","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":"CIIDIR IPN Unidad Sinaloa, Dept Agr Biotecnol, Nematol Lab, Sinaloa, Mexico.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293120,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Levin","Firstname":"Lisa","Initials":"L.A.","Affiliation":"Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293121,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Baldwin","Firstname":"James","Initials":"J.G.","Affiliation":"Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293122,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Orphan","Firstname":"Victoria","Initials":"V.J.","Affiliation":"CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293123,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Sternberg","Firstname":"Paul","Initials":"P.W.","Affiliation":"CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":226626,"AutID":293124,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":256940,"LibID":36,"BRefID":234941,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"256940","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Frontiers Media","City":"Lausanne"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep sea","ThestID":2145,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Deep sea"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Fungi","ThestID":3514,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Fungi"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitism","ThestID":6006,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Interspecific relationships > Parasitism"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Fungi"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitism"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Nematoda"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"},"915":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) acknowledged","SpColID":915,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn"},"947":{"SpName":"WoRMS ackn - direct reference","SpColID":947,"ParSpColID":915,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn - direct","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn/WoRMS ackn - direct"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":226626,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":226626,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043","externalID":"10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":33133,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep sea","ThestID":2145,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Fungi","ThestID":3514,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitism","ThestID":6006,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Nematoda [Nematodes]","AphiaID":799,"TaxtID":14922}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Deep sea","DutchTerm":"Diepzee","ThestID":2145,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Fungi","DutchTerm":"Schimmels","ThestID":3514,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitism","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":6006,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Nematoda","DutchTerm":"Nematoden","AphiaID":799,"TaxtID":14922}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2014-04-30 09:06:22.637000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2018-02-13 19:34:46.407000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}