{"refrec":{"BRefID":238065,"RR":"<b>Cobo, M.D.; Sonnenholzner, S.; Wille, M.; Sorgeloos, P.</b> (2014). Ammonia tolerance of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (Boone) larvae. <i>Aquac. Res. 45(3)</i>: 470-475. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03248.x\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03248.x</a>","BEntID":229752,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquac. Res. 45(3)</i>: 470-475. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03248.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03248.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Cobo, M.D.; Sonnenholzner, S.; Wille, M.; Sorgeloos, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Cobo, M.D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The tolerance of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> larvae to increasing concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) using a short-term static renewal method at 26°C, 34 g L<sup>-1</sup> salinity and pH 8.5 was assessed. The median lethal concentration (24 h LC<sub>50</sub>) for TAN in zoea (1-2-3), mysis (1-2-3) and postlarvae 1 were, respectively, 4.2-9.9-16.0; 19.0-17.3-17.5 and 13.2 mg L<sup>-1</sup>TAN (0.6-1.5-2.4; 2.8-2.5-2.6 and 1.9 mg L<sup>-1</sup> <span class=\"fixed-roman\">NH</span><sub>3</sub>-<span class=\"fixed-roman\">N</span>). The LC<sub>50</sub> values obtained in this study suggest that zoeal and post-larval stages are more sensitive to 24 h ammonia exposure than the mysis stage of <em>L. vannamei</em> larvae. On the basis of the ammonia toxicity level (24 h LC<sub>50</sub>) at zoea 1, we recommend that this level does not exceed 0.42 mg L<sup>-1</sup> TAN – equivalent to 0.06 mg L<sup>-1</sup> <span class=\"fixed-roman\">NH</span><sub>3</sub>-<span class=\"fixed-roman\">N</span> – to reduce ammonia toxicity during the rearing of <em>L. vannamei</em> larvae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Ammonia tolerance of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (Boone) larvae","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:01.897972","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone); ammonia; toxicity; larval stages</td>","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-10-29","DateCreate":"2014-05-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000330630600010","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03248.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":238065,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"470-475","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"45","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42189,"SerRR":"Aquaculture Research. 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