{"refrec":{"BRefID":240802,"RR":"<b>Calleja, M.L.; Duarte, C.M.; Álvarez, M.; Vaquer-Sunyer, R.; Agustí, S.; Herndl, G.J.</b> (2013). Prevalence of strong vertical CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> variability in the top meters of the ocean. <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 27</i>: 941–949. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20081\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20081</a>","BEntID":232499,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Global Biogeochem. Cycles 27</i>: 941–949. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20081\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20081</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Calleja, M.L.; Duarte, C.M.; Álvarez, M.; Vaquer-Sunyer, R.; Agustí, S.; Herndl, G.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Calleja, M.L. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The gradient in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) across the air-sea boundary layer is the main driving force for the air-sea CO2 flux. Global data bases for surface seawater pCO2 are actually based on pCO2 measurements from several meters below the sea surface, assuming a homogeneous distribution between the diffusive boundary layer and the upper top meters of the ocean. Compiling vertical profiles of pCO2, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the upper 5–8 m of the ocean from different biogeographical areas, we detected a mean difference between the boundary layer and 5 m pCO2 of 13?±?1 µatm. Temperature gradients accounted for only 11% of this pCO2 gradient in the top meters of the ocean; thus, pointing to a heterogeneous biological activity underneath the air-sea boundary layer as the main factor controlling the top meters pCO2 variability. Observations of pCO2 just beneath the air-sea boundary layer should be further investigated in order to estimate possible biases in calculating global air-sea CO2 fluxes.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Prevalence of strong vertical CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> variability in the top meters of the ocean","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:31:51.131146","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"pCO2 variability; top meters; temperature; oxygen concentration; oceans","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2013,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-23","DateCreate":"2014-08-23","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000325488600029","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1002/gbc.20081"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":240802,"PubliDate":2013,"Pagination":"941–949","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"27","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45841,"SerRR":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 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