{"refrec":{"BRefID":240828,"RR":"<b>El-Hacen, E.-H. M.; Piersma, T.; Jouta, J.; Overdijk, O.; Lok, T.</b> (2014). Seasonal variation in the diet of Spoonbill chicks in the Wadden Sea: a stable isotopes approach. <i>Journ. Ornithol. 155</i>: 611-619. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-014-1043-y\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-014-1043-y</a>","BEntID":232525,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Journ. Ornithol. 155</i>: 611-619. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-014-1043-y\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-014-1043-y</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"El-Hacen, E.-H. M.; Piersma, T.; Jouta, J.; Overdijk, O.; Lok, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"El-Hacen, E.-H. M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We used stable isotope tracers in the growing primary feathers of Eurasian Spoonbill chicks (Platalea leucorodia leucorodia) to study seasonal variation in their diet on one of the Frisian islands, Schiermonnikoog, The Netherlands. Using growing individual primaries as natural samplers over time, samples were taken along the length of primary feathers to estimate both within- and between-individual variation in diet. Absolute isotopic ratios of feather material ranged from -26.2 to -14.7 ‰ for carbon (d13C) and from 13.0 to 18.7 ‰ for nitrogen (d15N). The variation in d13C values suggests the use of a variety of feeding habitats, ranging from freshwater to marine. Across the breeding season, there was a shift from predominantly freshwater prey early on to a more marine diet later in the season. Surprisingly, this shift did not occur within the growth trajectory of early born chicks which instead showed the opposite, but it did occur within individual chicks born later in the season. Stable isotope Bayesian mixing-model (SIAR) outcomes demonstrated that the freshwater/brackish prey had the highest isotopic contribution “(51 %; 95 % confidence interval 39–63 %) to the diet early in the breeding season, whereas marine prey contributed most (78 %; 66–89 %) to the diet later. That chicks fed with either freshwater or marine food items had similar body condition indices suggests that the eating of marine prey did not come at a major cost for growing Spoonbill chicks.","AbstractOtherLang":"Jahreszeitliche Unterschiede in der Nahrungszusammensetzung von Löfflerküken im Wattenmeer: eine Analyse stabiler Isotope Anhand der Signaturen stabiler Isotope in wachsenden Handschwingen von Löfflerküken (Platalea leucorodia leucorodia) auf Schiermonnikoog, einer der Westfriesischen Inseln (Niederlande), wurden jahreszeitliche Unterschiede in deren Nahrungszusammensetzung untersucht. Da die einzelnen wachsenden Federn praktisch natürliche Zeitreihen darstellen, nahmen wir Proben über die ganze Länge der Handschwingen, um die Variation in der Nahrungszusammensetzung sowohl bezogen auf einzelne Individuen als auch auf die Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Tieren abzuschätzen. Die absoluten Isotopenverhältnisse des Federmaterials lagen zwischen -26.2 ‰ und -14.7 ‰ für Kohlenstoff (d13C) beziehungsweise zwischen 13.0 und 18.7 ‰ für Stickstoff (d15N). Die Variation der d13C-Werte deutet darauf hin, dass zur Nahrungssuche eine Vielzahl von Habitaten genutzt werden, die von Süßwasserhabitaten bis zu marinen Lebensräumen reichen. Im Verlauf der Brutsaison kam es zu einer Verschiebung von überwiegend im Süßwasser lebender Beute zu Beginn zu einem stärker marin geprägten Nahrungsspektrum gegen Ende der Brutzeit. Überraschenderweise ereignete sich diese Verschiebung nicht während der Wachstumsphase früh geschlüpfter Küken, bei denen stattdessen das Gegenteil zu beobachten war, sondern zeigte sich bei einzelnen Küken, welche zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt schlüpften. Die Ergebnisse der Bayes’schen Mischmodelle stabiler Isotope (SIAR) zeigten, dass Beute aus Süß- und Brackwasserhabitaten am Anfang der Brutsaison den größten Teil zur Isotopenzusammensetzung beitrug (51 %; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 39–63 %), wohingegen später marine Beutetiere den höchsten Anteil am Nahrungsspektrum ausmachten (78 %; 66–89 %). Dass Küken, die mit Süßwassertieren gefüttert wurden, ähnliche Konditionsindizes besaßen wie Küken, die marine Nahrung bekommen hatten, weist darauf hin, dass der Verzehr mariner Beutetiere für wachsende Löfflerküken keinen großen Nachteil darstellt.","BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Seasonal variation in the diet of Spoonbill chicks in the Wadden Sea: a stable isotopes approach","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:31:58.021817","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-25","DateCreate":"2014-08-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000337792500005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10336-014-1043-y"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":240828,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"611-619","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"155","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":232879,"SerRR":"Journal für Ornithologie. Blackwell: Berlin.  ISSN 0021-8375; e-ISSN 1439-0361","StandardTitleSer":"Journal für Ornithologie","ISSN":"0021-8375","AbbrevSer":"Journ. Ornithol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":611,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"El-Hacen","Firstname":"El-Hacen Mohamed","Initials":"E.-H. 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