{"refrec":{"BRefID":242747,"RR":"<b>Ueno, Y.</b> (2014). Coping with low ocean sulfate. <i>Science (Wash.) 346(6210)</i>: 703-704. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1261676\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1261676</a>","BEntID":234446,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 346(6210)</i>: 703-704. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1261676\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1261676</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ueno, Y.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ueno, Y.","Englishabstract":"Sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) is the second-most abundant anion after chloride in the modern ocean. It serves as an easily accessible energy source for sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRPs), which are commonly found in organic-rich sediments and play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter. Were these microbes major players in ecosystems during the Archean (before 2.5 billion years ago), when molecular oxygen was virtually absent from both the atmosphere and oceans? Whether this was the case depends on how much sulfate there was in the Archean ocean. 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