{"refrec":{"BRefID":243448,"RR":"<b>Hoare, K.; Davenport, J.; Beaumont, A.R.</b> (1995). Effects of exposure and previous exposure to copper on growth of veliger larvae and survivorship of <i>Mytilus edulis</i> juveniles. <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120</i>: 163-168. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120163\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120163</a>","BEntID":235147,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120</i>: 163-168. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120163\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120163</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hoare, K.; Davenport, J.; Beaumont, A.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hoare, K. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Exposure of <i>Mytilus edulis</i> L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia) to 8 ppb (ppb = ug l<sup>-1</sup>) added copper during the veliger larval or post-larval (spat) stages has no significant effects on survivorship or shell growth. However, previous exposure to 8 ppb added copper during the embryo stage significantly increases veliger growth rate and decreases spat survivorship in a population from the Menai Strait, Wales, UK, in which this level of copper causes a significant increase in embryo abnormality. No such effects of pre-exposure are seen in a population from the Westerschelde, The Netherlands, where 8 ppb added copper does not constitute a stress on the embryo. 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