{"refrec":{"BRefID":243936,"RR":"<b>Almeda, R.; Connelly, T.L.; Buskey, E.J.</b> (2014). Novel insight into the role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the fate of crude oil in the sea. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 4(7560)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07560\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07560</a>","BEntID":235635,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 4(7560)</i>: 9 pp. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07560\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07560</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Almeda, R.; Connelly, T.L.; Buskey, E.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Almeda, R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Although planktonic protozoans are likely to interact with dispersed crude oil after a spill, protozoan-mediated processes affecting crude oil pollution in the sea are still not well known. Here, we present the first evidence of ingestion and defecation of physically or chemically dispersed crude oil droplets (1–86 <span class=\"mb\">µ</span>m in diameter) by heterotrophic dinoflagellates, major components of marine planktonic food webs. At a crude oil concentration commonly found after an oil spill (1 <span class=\"mb\">µ</span>L L<sup>-1</sup>), the heterotrophic dinoflagellates <i>Noctiluca scintillans</i> and <i>Gyrodinium spirale</i> grew and ingested ~0.37 <span class=\"mb\">µ</span>g-oil <span class=\"mb\">µ</span>g-C<sub>dino</sub><sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>, which could represent ~17% to 100% of dispersed oil in surface waters when heterotrophic dinoflagellates are abundant or bloom. Egestion of faecal pellets containing crude oil by heterotrophic dinoflagellates could contribute to the sinking and flux of toxic petroleum hydrocarbons in coastal waters. Our study indicates that crude oil ingestion by heterotrophic dinoflagellates is a noteworthy route by which petroleum enters marine food webs and a previously overlooked biological process influencing the fate of crude oil in the sea after spills.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Novel insight into the role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the fate of crude oil in the sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-15 01:32:41.127587","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2014,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2015-01-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000346717200005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/srep07560"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":243936,"PubliDate":2014,"Pagination":"9 pp","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"4","Issue":"7560","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322","StandardTitleSer":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group)","ISSN":"2045-2322","AbbrevSer":"NPG Scientific Reports","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Almeda","Firstname":"Rodrigo","Initials":"R.","Affiliation":"Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":235635,"AutID":300044,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Connelly","Firstname":"Tara","Initials":"T.L.","Affiliation":"Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":235635,"AutID":300045,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Buskey","Firstname":"Edward","Initials":"E.J.","Affiliation":"Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":235635,"AutID":300046,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":267574,"LibID":36,"BRefID":243936,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"267574","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":235635,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07560","externalID":"10.1038/srep07560","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":37013,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2015-01-16 08:42:32.490000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2018-02-13 19:34:46.407000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}